Sharpsburg, NC Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes
The chance of earthquake damage in Sharpsburg is about the same as North Carolina average and is much lower than the national average. The risk of tornado damage in Sharpsburg is higher than North Carolina average and is higher than the national average.
Earthquake Index, #761
Sharpsburg, NC | 0.00 |
North Carolina | 0.18 |
U.S. | 1.81 |
The earthquake index value is calculated based on historical earthquake events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the earthquake level in a region. A higher earthquake index value means a higher chance of an earthquake.
Volcano Index, #1
Sharpsburg, NC | 0.0000 |
North Carolina | 0.0000 |
U.S. | 0.0023 |
The volcano index value is calculated based on the currently known volcanoes using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the possibility of a region being affected by a possible volcano eruption. A higher volcano index value means a higher chance of being affected.
Tornado Index, #124
Sharpsburg, NC | 161.50 |
North Carolina | 115.21 |
U.S. | 136.45 |
The tornado index value is calculated based on historical tornado events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the tornado level in a region. A higher tornado index value means a higher chance of tornado events.
Other Weather Extremes Events
A total of 3,623 other weather extremes events within 50 miles of Sharpsburg, NC were recorded from 1950 to 2010. The following is a break down of these events:
Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count |
Avalanche: | 0 | Blizzard: | 0 | Cold: | 18 | Dense Fog: | 3 | Drought: | 50 |
Dust Storm: | 0 | Flood: | 368 | Hail: | 1,043 | Heat: | 1 | Heavy Snow: | 89 |
High Surf: | 0 | Hurricane: | 15 | Ice Storm: | 28 | Landslide: | 3 | Strong Wind: | 87 |
Thunderstorm Winds: | 1,608 | Tropical Storm: | 9 | Wildfire: | 0 | Winter Storm: | 58 | Winter Weather: | 94 |
Other: | 149 |
Volcanos Nearby
No volcano is found in or near Sharpsburg, NC.
Historical Earthquake Events
No historical earthquake events that had recorded magnitudes of 3.5 or above found in or near Sharpsburg, NC.
No historical earthquake events found in or near Sharpsburg, NC.
Historical Tornado Events
A total of 56 historical tornado events that had recorded magnitude of 2 or above found in or near Sharpsburg, NC.
Distance (miles) | Date | Magnitude | Start Lat/Log | End Lat/Log | Length | Width | Fatalities | Injuries | Property Damage | Crop Damage | Affected County |
5.5 | 2008-11-15 | 3 | 35°45'N / 77°55'W | 35°50'N / 77°49'W | 8.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 1 | 4 | 1.0M | 200K | Wilson |
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado occurred along a discontinuous, approximately eight-mile path that began with minor roof damage to a dwelling and a snapped tree along Harrison drive just south of Ward Boulevard. The most significant damage was then noted to the northeast, along London Church Road, south of Route 1330. On London Church Road, one home was completely destroyed and swept off of its foundation. Based on eyewitness accounts and the damage, fire and rescue estimate the home rolled as many as four times. In this home, there was unfortunately one fatality and two injuries. Across the road from this home to the northeast, the upper portion of a home was destroyed, and another home had a roof completely blown away with trees on top of it. In this latter home, eyewitness accounts noted there were two more injuries, conditions unknown. The tornado then followed a discontinuous path into Elm City. There were numerous indications of tree damage in elm city with a porch roof blown off, and outbuildings damaged or toppled. Finally, the last noticeable damage was observed along route 1400, and just north of the intersection of Hefner Road and Route 1402, where small clusters of trees were snapped and outbuildings were damaged. The damage in and northeast of Elm City was consistent with EF-0 damage. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Two mini-supercells tracked northeast along a warm front during the early morning hours of the 15th. The two supercells spawned several tornadoes in Samspon, Johnston, and Wilson counties, two of which resulted in two fatalities. | |||||||||||
5.8 | 1984-03-28 | 2 | 35°57'N / 77°50'W | 2.00 Miles | 177 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Nash | |
9.1 | 1953-03-15 | 3 | 35°45'N / 78°05'W | 35°45'N / 77°44'W | 19.60 Miles | 27 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Wilson |
10.5 | 1992-11-23 | 3 | 35°38'N / 78°05'W | 35°49'N / 77°43'W | 25.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Wilson |
11.0 | 1954-09-20 | 2 | 35°43'N / 77°54'W | 0.50 Mile | 100 Yards | 0 | 4 | 250K | 0 | Wilson | |
12.4 | 1957-11-08 | 3 | 35°42'N / 77°45'W | 35°44'N / 77°40'W | 5.10 Miles | 150 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Wilson |
12.9 | 1953-03-15 | 3 | 35°45'N / 77°44'W | 35°45'N / 77°34'W | 9.20 Miles | 27 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Edgecombe |
16.4 | 1953-03-15 | 3 | 35°46'N / 78°06'W | 35°45'N / 78°05'W | 1.30 Miles | 27 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Nash |
17.3 | 1981-02-11 | 2 | 35°56'N / 78°09'W | 35°57'N / 78°06'W | 3.30 Miles | 800 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Nash |
17.3 | 1955-03-16 | 2 | 35°36'N / 77°58'W | 35°39'N / 77°52'W | 6.60 Miles | 500 Yards | 1 | 1 | 25K | 0 | Wayne |
18.6 | 1992-11-23 | 3 | 35°49'N / 77°43'W | 35°58'N / 77°17'W | 24.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Edgecombe |
19.0 | 2009-05-05 | 2 | 35°40'N / 78°06'W | 35°42'N / 78°04'W | 3.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 1 | 1.5M | 0K | Wilson |
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: At the intersection of North Carolina highway 581 and North Carolina Highway 42 at Buckhorn Crossroads and EF-0 tornado touched down at 3:44 EST and tracked off to the northeast. At Buckhorn Crossroads several trees were snapped off and shingles blown off a house. As the tornado moved to the northeast it tracked into a wooded area and began to intensive. It emerged from the wooded area just to the southwest of the intersection of Sadie Road and Rock Ridge School Road, into the Rock Ridge area, at 4:50 PM and had strengthen to an EF-2. At that time, peak winds were estimated at 120 to 135 mph with a path width of 100 yards. The first home that was damage to the southwest of the aforementioned intersection was a well built brick home that sustained roof and some structural damage. The carport attached to this house was destroyed as well. The tornado continued to track to the northeast uprooting and snapping off numerous hardwood trees, before crossing Sadie Road, just south of Rock Ridge School Road. In this area, the tornado caused significant roof and structural damage to two well built homes. Two garages where destroyed as well, one attached and one external. Other homes in the area sustained damage and downed trees as well. In all, eight house in the Rock Ridge area received some damage and downed trees. The tornado then crossed Rock Ridge School Road and continued to track off to the northeast into a field and eventually a wooded area where the tornado lifted. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Two tornadic supercells developed along a stalled warm front that extended across souther piedmont and coastal plain of North Carolina. The cells produced 4 tornadoes in Johnston, Nash and Wilson counties. | |||||||||||
20.1 | 1957-11-08 | 3 | 35°44'N / 77°40'W | 35°51'N / 77°18'W | 22.10 Miles | 150 Yards | 0 | 3 | 250K | 0 | Edgecombe |
20.5 | 1988-11-28 | 4 | 36°06'N / 78°04'W | 36°12'N / 77°49'W | 10.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 2 | 22 | 2.5M | 0 | Nash |
22.9 | 2008-11-15 | 2 | 35°35'N / 78°06'W | 35°37'N / 78°03'W | 3.00 Miles | 150 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0K | Wilson |
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado initially touched down around just north of Piney Grove Church Road, and damage was limited to minor tree and structural damage. The tornado then tracked northeast, over bare fields and stands of mature trees for approximately three quarters of a mile, twisting off mature trees, before producing significant damage at the intersection of NC Hwy 222 and Crumpler Road. The strongest evidence of EF-2 damage was at this intersection, where a well-constructed single level brick home was destroyed. The entire roof was blown off this home, a large pine tree fell through the kitchen. All of the walls on the west side of the house were missing. In addition, one vehicle was flipped upside down and another, with an attached trailer, was moved approximately 30 feet down the home???s driveway. The family of 4 was awakened as the damage occurred, but by great fortune, none sustained any injury. As the tornado crossed Scott Road, a double-wide mobile home was removed from its foundation and flipped approximately 50 feet. A 61 year old female occupant of this mobile home was killed, while her husband was transported to a medical facility. In addition, three other double-wide mobile homes were condemned as they sustained significant structural damage to roofs and southwest-facing exterior walls. A pickup truck was completely overturned in one of the driveways. Continuing northeast, the tornado moved across the Kenly International Airport. The tornado was likely aloft at this point, producing EF-1 damage to trees, but there was considerable debris from the homes on Scott Road strewn about the airport grounds. A portion of an open aircraft hangar constructed of sheet tin over a wooden frame was twisted and destroyed. There was also some damage to the Cessna 150 housed in this hangar. The tornado then crossed into southwest Wilson county causing damage to several mobile homes along Fabwhitley Road. Several other homes in the Lucama area suffered minor damage from the strong winds. The tornado finally lifted off the ground just north of Newsom Mill Road near a local racetrack. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Two mini-supercells tracked northeast along a warm front during the early morning hours of the 15th. The two supercells spawned several tornadoes in Samspon, Johnston, and Wilson counties, two of which resulted in two fatalities. | |||||||||||
24.4 | 1996-04-15 | 2 | 35°53'N / 78°16'W | 35°53'N / 78°16'W | 2.00 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 5 | 1.0M | 0 | Franklin |
Brief Description: The storm moved into Franklin county and destroyed a cement block building 1 mile SW of the community of Pilot. The storm then crossed over Hwy 64 where numerous trees were twisted and downed. Several outbuildings were also destroyed. The storm then entered Pilot where the damage path reached 250 yards across. A frame house was rotated, lifted off its foundation, and moved 30 feet. Cars were thrown into a local farm pond along with other debris. As the tornado left Pilot and approached HWY 39, the tornado reached it greatest width of nearly 400 yards. Damage was evident at every home in its path. The storm then weakened before it moved into Nash county. | |||||||||||
24.8 | 1979-04-03 | 2 | 36°12'N / 77°40'W | 0.80 Mile | 50 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Halifax | |
25.2 | 2008-11-15 | 2 | 35°34'N / 78°06'W | 35°35'N / 78°06'W | 1.00 Mile | 150 Yards | 1 | 2 | 500K | 200K | Johnston |
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado initially touched down around just north of Piney Grove Church Road, and damage was limited to minor tree and structural damage. The tornado then tracked northeast, over bare fields and stands of mature trees for approximately three quarters of a mile, twisting off mature trees, before producing significant damage at the intersection of NC Hwy 222 and Crumpler Road. The strongest evidence of EF-2 damage was at this intersection, where a well-constructed single level brick home was destroyed. The entire roof was blown off this home, a large pine tree fell through the kitchen. All of the walls on the west side of the house were missing. In addition, one vehicle was flipped upside down and another, with an attached trailer, was moved approximately 30 feet down the home???s driveway. The family of 4 was awakened as the damage occurred, but by great fortune, none sustained any injury. As the tornado crossed Scott Road, a double-wide mobile home was removed from its foundation and flipped approximately 50 feet. A 61 year old female occupant of this mobile home was killed, while her husband was transported to a medical facility. In addition, three other double-wide mobile homes were condemned as they sustained significant structural damage to roofs and southwest-facing exterior walls. A pickup truck was completely overturned in one of the driveways. Continuing northeast, the tornado moved across the Kenly International Airport. The tornado was likely aloft at this point, producing EF-1 damage to trees, but there was considerable debris from the homes on Scott Road strewn about the airport grounds. A portion of an open aircraft hangar constructed of sheet tin over a wooden frame was twisted and destroyed. There was also some damage to the Cessna 150 housed in this hangar. The tornado then crossed into southwest Wilson county causing damage to several mobile homes along Fabwhitley Road. Several other homes in the Lucama area suffered minor damage from the strong winds. The tornado finally lifted off the ground just north of Newsom Mill Road near a local racetrack. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Two mini-supercells tracked northeast along a warm front during the early morning hours of the 15th. The two supercells spawned several tornadoes in Samspon, Johnston, and Wilson counties, two of which resulted in two fatalities. | |||||||||||
26.5 | 1988-11-28 | 4 | 35°58'N / 78°27'W | 36°06'N / 78°04'W | 21.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 17 | 25.0M | 0 | Franklin |
26.6 | 1955-06-11 | 2 | 35°46'N / 77°31'W | 35°53'N / 77°12'W | 19.40 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Pitt |
26.9 | 1952-07-23 | 2 | 36°15'N / 77°45'W | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Halifax | |||
28.4 | 1998-03-08 | 2 | 35°27'N / 77°54'W | 35°28'N / 77°53'W | 1.00 Mile | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 100K | 0 | Wayne |
Brief Description: A tornado touched down in the Musgrave community about 7 miles northeast of Goldsboro. The tornado reached a maximum strength of F2 as it destroyed a chicken house, a brick outbuilding, and a tobacco barn halfway between Eureka and Patetown. A trailer was heavily damaged by flying projectiles (wood) from the tobacco barn. The wood flew completely through the trailers front wall and logged in the back wall. | |||||||||||
28.9 | 1972-05-15 | 3 | 35°35'N / 77°31'W | 35°36'N / 77°22'W | 8.50 Miles | 120 Yards | 0 | 4 | 2.5M | 0 | Pitt |
29.3 | 1988-11-28 | 4 | 36°12'N / 77°49'W | 36°21'N / 77°34'W | 22.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 10 | 2.5M | 0 | Halifax |
30.3 | 1977-03-04 | 3 | 35°29'N / 77°33'W | 35°32'N / 77°29'W | 4.90 Miles | 60 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Greene |
30.4 | 1986-08-20 | 2 | 35°26'N / 77°56'W | 1.00 Mile | 23 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Wayne | |
31.5 | 1984-03-28 | 4 | 35°24'N / 77°42'W | 35°30'N / 77°30'W | 13.00 Miles | 1223 Yards | 7 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Greene |
32.1 | 1966-11-02 | 2 | 36°00'N / 78°26'W | 36°15'N / 78°11'W | 22.20 Miles | 77 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Franklin |
32.2 | 1996-04-15 | 2 | 35°28'N / 77°32'W | 35°28'N / 77°32'W | 1.30 Miles | 75 Yards | 0 | 0 | 150K | 0 | Greene |
Brief Description: Tornado ripped the roof off a church on NC903. Sanctuary was left intact. The tornado crossed a field and totally destroyed a modular home on Gray Road one-half mile NE of the church. Family had left the house and sought refuge at a relatives home. | |||||||||||
32.9 | 1984-03-28 | 4 | 35°30'N / 77°30'W | 35°41'N / 77°12'W | 20.00 Miles | 1223 Yards | 9 | 153 | 25.0M | 0 | Pitt |
33.1 | 2008-02-18 | 2 | 35°26'N / 77°34'W | 35°27'N / 77°33'W | 1.00 Mile | 150 Yards | 0 | 3 | 500K | 0K | Greene |
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: A tornado touched down about 1 mile north of Hookerton. The tornado was rated as EF2 and was around 150 yards wide. The tornado demolished a 2 story home shortly after touching down causing 3 minor injuries. The tornado also ripped the roof off a nearby trailer. The tornado stayed on the ground for a little over 1 mile as it moved northeast then lifted. Damage in Greene county was estimated at 300,000 dollars. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A line of thunderstorms moved across eastern North Carolina during the early morning hours on February 18th and produced high winds, some hail and three tornadoes. One thunderstorm produced the three tornadoes that moved along a northeast path across parts of Greene, Pitt, Beaufort and Martin counties. The tornadoes were rated as EF2 in Greene county, and EF1 in Pitt, Beaufort, and Martin counties. The three tornadoes produced around 500,000 dollars in damages with 3 minor injuries reported. | |||||||||||
33.9 | 1966-11-02 | 2 | 36°15'N / 78°11'W | 36°18'N / 78°09'W | 3.80 Miles | 77 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Warren |
34.0 | 1992-11-23 | 3 | 35°58'N / 77°17'W | 36°01'N / 77°12'W | 11.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 9 | 250K | 0 | Martin |
34.2 | 1971-02-22 | 3 | 35°10'N / 78°39'W | 35°42'N / 77°36'W | 69.60 Miles | 300 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Sampson |
34.9 | 1984-03-28 | 4 | 35°20'N / 77°47'W | 35°24'N / 77°42'W | 5.00 Miles | 1223 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Lenoir |
35.7 | 1992-11-23 | 3 | 35°28'N / 78°35'W | 35°38'N / 78°05'W | 31.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 12 | 2.5M | 0 | Johnston |
36.2 | 1952-05-10 | 2 | 36°06'N / 77°15'W | 0 | 6 | 0K | 0 | Bertie | |||
37.9 | 1981-02-11 | 2 | 35°47'N / 78°30'W | 1.90 Miles | 800 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Wake | |
38.3 | 1957-11-08 | 3 | 35°51'N / 77°18'W | 36°00'N / 77°00'W | 19.70 Miles | 150 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Bertie |
39.7 | 1984-03-28 | 3 | 35°16'N / 77°50'W | 35°19'N / 77°47'W | 4.00 Miles | 527 Yards | 0 | 7 | 25.0M | 0 | Lenoir |
41.4 | 1988-11-28 | 4 | 36°21'N / 77°34'W | 36°27'N / 77°25'W | 10.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Northampton |
41.8 | 1953-04-16 | 2 | 35°34'N / 77°11'W | 2.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Pitt | |
42.6 | 1969-10-02 | 2 | 36°27'N / 78°00'W | 36°30'N / 77°55'W | 5.60 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Warren |
42.8 | 1966-11-02 | 2 | 35°31'N / 78°44'W | 36°00'N / 78°26'W | 37.40 Miles | 77 Yards | 0 | 9 | 250K | 0 | Wake |
43.2 | 1988-11-28 | 4 | 35°52'N / 78°45'W | 35°58'N / 78°27'W | 20.00 Miles | 400 Yards | 2 | 105 | 250.0M | 0 | Wake |
43.3 | 1984-03-28 | 3 | 36°08'N / 77°12'W | 36°12'N / 77°06'W | 6.00 Miles | 880 Yards | 6 | 19 | 2.5M | 0 | Bertie |
43.7 | 1984-03-28 | 3 | 35°12'N / 77°54'W | 35°16'N / 77°50'W | 5.00 Miles | 527 Yards | 0 | 74 | 25.0M | 0 | Wayne |
44.3 | 1981-09-15 | 2 | 36°28'N / 77°33'W | 1.30 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Northampton | |
45.3 | 1984-03-28 | 4 | 35°11'N / 78°04'W | 35°16'N / 77°56'W | 8.00 Miles | 1407 Yards | 3 | 59 | 25.0M | 0 | Wayne |
45.9 | 1996-09-16 | 2 | 35°13'N / 77°35'W | 35°15'N / 77°35'W | 1.00 Mile | 100 Yards | 0 | 1 | 1.0M | 0 | Lenoir |
Brief Description: Kinston Public Service complex on Highway 258 south of Kinston hit by tornado. Steel I-beams were twisted and bent upwards. Wind equipment measured 145 mph winds before it stopped working. Two other sets of wind equipment blown away. Warehouse across the street lost its roof. Damage at Lenoir Community College and Diamond Warehouse on Highway 58. Roof sheared off house on Highway 55 in Sand Hill. | |||||||||||
46.1 | 1975-03-14 | 2 | 35°11'N / 77°42'W | 35°15'N / 77°35'W | 8.00 Miles | 67 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Lenoir |
46.1 | 1995-10-27 | 2 | 36°13'N / 78°32'W | 2.00 Miles | 75 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Granville | |
Brief Description: A tornado touched in the community of Corinth. Numerous large trees were downed and a new home lost its roof. Numerous barns and farm outbuildings were destroyed. At the intersection of Highway 96 and SR 1643, a home was damaged when a large tree was blown onto the home and the roof was lifted off. Numerous 100-year-old trees were twisted and snapped. A truck and cement outbuilding were also destroyed. | |||||||||||
46.2 | 1963-05-17 | 2 | 35°42'N / 77°00'W | 35°36'N / 77°06'W | 8.90 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Beaufort |
47.3 | 1995-10-27 | 2 | 36°20'N / 78°29'W | 36°20'N / 78°25'W | 3.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 10.0M | 0 | Vance |
Brief Description: A tornado first touched down 4 W of Henderson near Interstate 85. The storm moved north and crossed Interstate 85. Sporadic damage occurred to mostly pine trees around the Ruin Creek Road area until the storm hit the Camperland business sales lot. Here, 25 RV's and five Uhauls were destroyed. The roof of the business was blown off. A few blocks away a medical clinic was destroyed. For several blocks down the road, there was damage to roofs of a department store, grocery, hospital, and shopping center. | |||||||||||
48.3 | 2008-05-11 | 2 | 36°08'N / 77°11'W | 36°12'N / 76°55'W | 15.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 2 | 1.0M | 0K | Bertie |
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: Tornado first touched down about two miles north-northwest of Lewiston Woodville. The tornado path then continued east-northeast across the county producing EF0 to EF2 damage. The tornado path ended as EF0 damage about one mile south of Powellsville. Confirmed EF1 tornado damage about two miles north-northwest of Lewiston Woodville consisted of numerous trees downed on Route 308, and several trailer and brick homes damaged with some mobile homes destroyed near Piney Woods Road. Confirmed EF2 tornado damage about three miles north-northeast of Lewiston Woodville and five miles southwest of Connaritsa consisted of several mobile homes destroyed and a church demolished on Connaritsa Road. Confirmed EF1 tornado damage occurred again about four miles southwest of Powellsville. The damage was along Hexlena Road, with numerous trees downed or snapped off and extensive damage to a few mobile homes. The tornado damage ended about one mile south of Powellsville. Confirmed EF0 tornado damage occurred along Sally Freeman Road, where a porch attached to a mobile home, was demolished. Also, several trees were snapped off. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Scattered severe thunderstorms produced damaging winds, large hail and one tornado across portions of northeast North Carolina. | |||||||||||
48.6 | 1989-03-30 | 2 | 36°22'N / 77°28'W | 36°29'N / 77°08'W | 22.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 11 | 2.5M | 0 | Northampton |
* The information on this page is based on the global volcano database, the U.S. earthquake database of 1638-1985, and the U.S. Tornado and Weather Extremes database of 1950-2010.