Pineville, MO Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes
Hot Rankings
The chance of earthquake damage in Pineville is lower than Missouri average and is much lower than the national average. The risk of tornado damage in Pineville is higher than Missouri average and is much higher than the national average.
Earthquake Index, #903
| Pineville, MO | 0.00 |
| Missouri | 0.70 |
| U.S. | 1.81 |
The earthquake index value is calculated based on historical earthquake events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the earthquake level in a region. A higher earthquake index value means a higher chance of an earthquake.
Volcano Index, #1
| Pineville, MO | 0.0000 |
| Missouri | 0.0000 |
| U.S. | 0.0023 |
The volcano index value is calculated based on the currently known volcanoes using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the possibility of a region being affected by a possible volcano eruption. A higher volcano index value means a higher chance of being affected.
Tornado Index, #217
| Pineville, MO | 274.20 |
| Missouri | 214.01 |
| U.S. | 136.45 |
The tornado index value is calculated based on historical tornado events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the tornado level in a region. A higher tornado index value means a higher chance of tornado events.
Other Weather Extremes Events
A total of 5,312 other weather extremes events within 50 miles of Pineville, MO were recorded from 1950 to 2010. The following is a break down of these events:
| Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count |
| Avalanche: | 0 | Blizzard: | 0 | Cold: | 8 | Dense Fog: | 0 | Drought: | 8 |
| Dust Storm: | 0 | Flood: | 758 | Hail: | 2,222 | Heat: | 13 | Heavy Snow: | 14 |
| High Surf: | 0 | Hurricane: | 0 | Ice Storm: | 10 | Landslide: | 0 | Strong Wind: | 17 |
| Thunderstorm Winds: | 2,148 | Tropical Storm: | 1 | Wildfire: | 1 | Winter Storm: | 20 | Winter Weather: | 16 |
| Other: | 76 | ||||||||
Volcanos Nearby
No volcano is found in or near Pineville, MO.
Historical Earthquake Events
No historical earthquake events that had recorded magnitudes of 3.5 or above found in or near Pineville, MO.
No historical earthquake events found in or near Pineville, MO.
Historical Tornado Events
A total of 115 historical tornado events that had recorded magnitude of 2 or above found in or near Pineville, MO.
| Distance (miles) | Date | Magnitude | Start Lat/Log | End Lat/Log | Length | Width | Fatalities | Injuries | Property Damage | Crop Damage | Affected County |
| 4.8 | 1954-03-24 | 2 | 36°34'N / 94°31'W | 36°43'N / 94°13'W | 19.50 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 25K | 0 | Mcdonald |
| 8.2 | 1959-05-09 | 2 | 36°41'N / 94°27'W | 0.50 Mile | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Mcdonald | |
| 14.3 | 1988-11-15 | 2 | 36°30'N / 94°14'W | 36°38'N / 94°02'W | 10.00 Miles | 23 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Mcdonald |
| 16.9 | 1954-03-24 | 2 | 36°43'N / 94°13'W | 36°45'N / 94°06'W | 6.60 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Mcdonald |
| 18.7 | 1954-03-24 | 3 | 36°21'N / 94°17'W | 36°29'N / 93°57'W | 20.60 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 4 | 3K | 0 | Benton |
| 19.0 | 2006-03-12 | 3 | 36°16'N / 94°34'W | 36°20'N / 94°16'W | 19.00 Miles | 700 Yards | 0 | 12 | 5.0M | 0 | Benton |
| Brief Description: The second tornado moved into western Benton County (from Delaware County, Oklahoma) south of Highway 12, where damage suggested the tornado strengthened considerably. A mobile home was destroyed, a pickup truck was rolled and destroyed, and several homes sustained major damage to their roofs near Bloomfield, where damage was rated at F2. Damage was more extensive in and around Gentry and Centerton where 75 homes were damaged or destroyed. Damage in this area was rated F3. Twelve people were injured by the tornado. See Storm Data for Oklahoma, Eastern for details regarding the Delaware County segment of this tornado. | |||||||||||
| 19.2 | 1959-05-09 | 2 | 36°32'N / 94°44'W | 0.80 Mile | 880 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Delaware | |
| 19.6 | 2006-03-12 | 2 | 36°21'N / 94°14'W | 36°23'N / 94°04'W | 8.00 Miles | 250 Yards | 0 | 0 | 10.0M | 0 | Benton |
| Brief Description: The supercell cycled again and produced a third tornado that moved through the southern portion of Bentonville and Little Flock damaging or destroying 125 homes. | |||||||||||
| 19.7 | 1975-04-24 | 4 | 36°51'N / 94°28'W | 36°52'N / 94°22'W | 5.40 Miles | 500 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Christian |
| 19.9 | 1975-04-24 | 4 | 36°50'N / 94°35'W | 36°51'N / 94°28'W | 6.50 Miles | 500 Yards | 3 | 22 | 25.0M | 0 | Newton |
| 20.2 | 1984-04-27 | 2 | 36°37'N / 94°46'W | 36°38'N / 94°44'W | 2.00 Miles | 20 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Delaware |
| 20.6 | 1971-05-22 | 2 | 36°36'N / 94°47'W | 36°38'N / 94°44'W | 3.80 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Delaware |
| 21.0 | 1972-12-30 | 2 | 36°39'N / 94°03'W | 36°42'N / 94°01'W | 3.80 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 2 | 25K | 0 | Barry |
| 21.1 | 1974-04-13 | 2 | 36°52'N / 94°30'W | 0.50 Mile | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Newton | |
| 21.7 | 1967-05-30 | 2 | 36°20'N / 94°10'W | 36°20'N / 94°07'W | 3.00 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Hardin |
| 21.7 | 1993-10-08 | 2 | 36°24'N / 94°04'W | 1.50 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 500K | 0 | Benton | |
| Brief Description: An F2 tornado touched down in Avoca and travelled about one and a half miles before it dissipated. While the tornado was on the ground, it damaged about ten homes. A mobile home and two chicken houses were completely destroyed. A large number of trees were also blown down. | |||||||||||
| 22.1 | 2008-05-10 | 4 | 36°55'N / 94°37'W | 36°52'N / 94°03'W | 31.00 Miles | 1760 Yards | 14 | 200 | 35.0M | 0K | Newton |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This tornado is an extension of the Ottawa County, Oklahoma tornado. A National Weather Service storm survey revealed that an EF-4 tornado crossed into Missouri just north of Iris Road, and tracked east southeast all the way across Newton County to just north of Fairview. Several people were killed in automobiles, including a firefighter who was storm spotting, as the tornado briefly reached EF4 intensity near the intersection of Highway 43 and Iris Road. One vehicle at this location was thrown 5/8s of a mile. The tornado then extended to a mile wide and EF3 intensity as it tracked across the intersection of Highway 86 and BB. Many of the 14 fatalities and 200 injuries occurred from just west of Highway 43 to Highway 86. The communities of Granby and Newtonia were also directly impacted from this tornado. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Three tornadoes were spawned from supercell thunderstorms that developed over southeast Kansas. These storms quickly moved into southwest Missouri causing devestating damage to homes, businesses, and trees in Newton, Barry, and Jasper counties. One tornado, with an intensity that ranged from EF-4 to EF-1, killed 15 people as it tracked through Newton and Barry counties, while another tornado killed one person in Jasper County. | |||||||||||
| 23.3 | 1961-07-22 | 2 | 36°45'N / 94°45'W | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Ottawa | |||
| 23.8 | 1958-05-31 | 2 | 36°53'N / 94°12'W | 0.50 Mile | 20 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Newton | |
| 23.9 | 1970-10-08 | 3 | 36°13'N / 94°32'W | 36°18'N / 94°36'W | 6.90 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 4 | 250K | 0 | Benton |
| 25.2 | 1980-04-07 | 2 | 36°25'N / 94°48'W | 1.00 Mile | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Delaware | |
| 25.3 | 2001-11-23 | 2 | 36°40'N / 93°59'W | 36°43'N / 93°56'W | 4.00 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 3 | 1.0M | 500K | Barry |
| Brief Description: A tornado touched down just before 830 pm just south of Highway 76/86 between Exeter and Ridgley. Initial damage was limited to chicken houses and grain bins which suffered sporadic damage. The tornado quickly intensified as it crossed the Highway and moved north across a residence. Extensive damage occurred to the property including two storage buildings swept clean of their foundations, a dump truck flipped almost 30 feet, and the loss of the residence's roof. Nearly a dozen other vehicles suffered collateral damage, along with numerous trees stripped or uprooted. Three individuals were injured as their vehicle was flipped over. The tornado tracked for approximately four miles north of Exeter, causing significant damage to at least three additional residences. Numerous outbuildings were also destroyed along with hundreds of trees that were uprooted. The tornado reached a width of over one quarter of a mile at peak intensity, before dissipating just north of Highway CC. The damage assessment would place this tornado at the high end of an F2 rating on the fujita scale...with winds approaching 150 mph. | |||||||||||
| 25.6 | 1981-05-23 | 2 | 36°16'N / 94°39'W | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Delaware | |||
| 26.7 | 1961-03-12 | 2 | 36°57'N / 94°27'W | 36°58'N / 94°26'W | 1.90 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 6 | 250K | 0 | Newton |
| 26.9 | 1973-05-01 | 2 | 36°11'N / 94°33'W | 36°13'N / 94°30'W | 3.80 Miles | 150 Yards | 0 | 4 | 250K | 0 | Benton |
| 26.9 | 1959-05-09 | 3 | 36°29'N / 95°00'W | 36°36'N / 94°45'W | 15.90 Miles | 880 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Delaware |
| 27.1 | 1988-11-15 | 2 | 36°38'N / 94°02'W | 36°45'N / 93°49'W | 18.00 Miles | 23 Yards | 1 | 12 | 2.5M | 0 | Barry |
| 27.2 | 2003-05-04 | 2 | 36°55'N / 94°12'W | 36°55'N / 94°06'W | 7.00 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 0 | 500K | 0K | Newton |
| Brief Description: A seven mile long path of rural east central Newton County was affected from the initial stages of a large tornado. Three homes and outbuildings were destroyed while five more were damaged causing approximately one half million dollars in monetary loss. This tornado then tracked through Lawrence, Christian, and southwestern Greene counties. | |||||||||||
| 27.2 | 1980-04-07 | 3 | 36°40'N / 94°53'W | 36°41'N / 94°51'W | 1.90 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Ottawa |
| 27.6 | 1972-12-29 | 2 | 36°30'N / 95°01'W | 36°53'N / 94°43'W | 31.20 Miles | 30 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Mayes |
| 27.7 | 1961-05-21 | 2 | 36°44'N / 94°51'W | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Ottawa | |||
| 28.0 | 2010-12-31 | 2 | 36°09'N / 94°20'W | 36°12'N / 94°16'W | 4.00 Miles | 250 Yards | 0 | 1 | 100K | 0K | Washington |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This segment is the sixth of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado overturned a box truck on Highway 412, injuring its driver, severely damaged a couple permanent homes, severely damaged a mobile home, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and snapped numerous power poles. The maximum estimated wind speed in this segment of the tornado based on this damage was 125 mph. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into northwestern Arkansas ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of those storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front over eastern Oklahoma as it pushed into the area. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati in Washington County. Debris was transported by the tornado into northern Benton County and was reported in Bella Vista and Pea Ridge. The Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA) was closed for three hours to remove the debris from the flight line. Another supercell produced a short-lived, weak tornado in Carroll County that moved into Missouri. | |||||||||||
| 28.6 | 1989-05-08 | 2 | 36°15'N / 94°39'W | 36°11'N / 94°39'W | 5.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Delaware |
| 29.2 | 1970-11-19 | 2 | 36°10'N / 94°32'W | 2.50 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Benton | |
| 29.3 | 1968-06-01 | 2 | 36°08'N / 94°33'W | 36°11'N / 94°27'W | 6.50 Miles | 500 Yards | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Benton |
| 29.8 | 1972-04-12 | 2 | 36°40'N / 93°52'W | 0.90 Mile | 177 Yards | 0 | 7 | 2.5M | 0 | Barry | |
| 30.0 | 1970-06-11 | 3 | 36°12'N / 94°06'W | 36°21'N / 93°54'W | 15.20 Miles | 250 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Benton |
| 30.0 | 2010-12-31 | 2 | 36°08'N / 94°21'W | 36°09'N / 94°20'W | 2.00 Miles | 300 Yards | 0 | 0 | 75K | 0K | Benton |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This segment is the fifth of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado severely damaged a permanent home, destroyed a barn, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and snapped power poles. The maximum estimated wind speed in this segment of the tornado based on this damage was 125 mph. The tornado moved northeast and back into Washington County, Arkansas. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into northwestern Arkansas ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of those storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front over eastern Oklahoma as it pushed into the area. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati in Washington County. Debris was transported by the tornado into northern Benton County and was reported in Bella Vista and Pea Ridge. The Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA) was closed for three hours to remove the debris from the flight line. Another supercell produced a short-lived, weak tornado in Carroll County that moved into Missouri. | |||||||||||
| 30.2 | 1974-06-08 | 3 | 36°22'N / 94°54'W | 36°23'N / 94°51'W | 2.70 Miles | 150 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Delaware |
| 30.6 | 1980-04-07 | 3 | 36°34'N / 95°00'W | 36°40'N / 94°53'W | 9.30 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Delaware |
| 30.7 | 1960-05-05 | 2 | 36°44'N / 95°00'W | 37°00'N / 94°37'W | 28.00 Miles | 500 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Ottawa |
| 31.1 | 2010-12-31 | 2 | 36°07'N / 94°23'W | 36°08'N / 94°21'W | 2.00 Miles | 300 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0K | Washington |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This segment is the fourth of six segments of this long-track tornado. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted in this segment. Estimated maximum wind speed based on this damage was 125 mph. The tornado moved northeastward and crossed back into Benton County, Arkansas. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into northwestern Arkansas ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of those storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front over eastern Oklahoma as it pushed into the area. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati in Washington County. Debris was transported by the tornado into northern Benton County and was reported in Bella Vista and Pea Ridge. The Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA) was closed for three hours to remove the debris from the flight line. Another supercell produced a short-lived, weak tornado in Carroll County that moved into Missouri. | |||||||||||
| 31.2 | 1973-09-24 | 3 | 36°43'N / 94°55'W | 36°51'N / 94°52'W | 9.50 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Ottawa |
| 31.8 | 2006-03-12 | 3 | 36°10'N / 94°55'W | 36°18'N / 94°38'W | 17.00 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 8 | 3.0M | 0 | Delaware |
| Brief Description: The first tornado, which touched down in northwestern Cherokee County, continued into southern Delaware County. Damage suggested the tornado widened and strengthened as it moved through southern Delaware County reaching a maximum width of around 1/4 of a mile. The tornado damaged 95 homes, destroying 42 of those homes. Five businesses were also damaged. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and about 100 power poles were downed, which resulted in more than 5000 people losing power as a result of the storm. The worst damage from this tornado was found from near Twin Oaks to about 4 miles west-southwest of Colcord. The tornado injured eight people. | |||||||||||
| 32.2 | 2008-05-10 | 2 | 36°51'N / 94°03'W | 36°49'N / 93°46'W | 16.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 1 | 0 | 10.0M | 0K | Barry |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This tornado is an extension of the Newton County tornado. A National Weather Service storm survey revealed that an EF-2 tornado tracked across much of Barry County and directly impacted the community of Purdy. One man was killed as he was taking shelter in a mobile home. Numerous structures, trees, and power poles were destroyed. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Three tornadoes were spawned from supercell thunderstorms that developed over southeast Kansas. These storms quickly moved into southwest Missouri causing devestating damage to homes, businesses, and trees in Newton, Barry, and Jasper counties. One tornado, with an intensity that ranged from EF-4 to EF-1, killed 15 people as it tracked through Newton and Barry counties, while another tornado killed one person in Jasper County. | |||||||||||
| 32.2 | 2010-12-31 | 2 | 36°06'N / 94°25'W | 36°07'N / 94°23'W | 2.00 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 2 | 200K | 0K | Benton |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This segment is the third of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado severely damaged a couple permanent homes, destroyed a mobile home, destroyed barns, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and snapped power poles in this portion of Benton County. Two injuries occurred in the mobile home that was destroyed on Winwood Ranch Road. The maximum estimated wind speed based on this damage was 130 mph. The tornado continued into Washington County, Arkansas. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into northwestern Arkansas ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of those storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front over eastern Oklahoma as it pushed into the area. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati in Washington County. Debris was transported by the tornado into northern Benton County and was reported in Bella Vista and Pea Ridge. The Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA) was closed for three hours to remove the debris from the flight line. Another supercell produced a short-lived, weak tornado in Carroll County that moved into Missouri. | |||||||||||
| 32.3 | 1973-09-24 | 3 | 36°42'N / 94°59'W | 36°43'N / 94°55'W | 3.60 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 14 | 250K | 0 | Ottawa |
| 32.5 | 1974-06-08 | 2 | 36°36'N / 95°00'W | 36°38'N / 94°57'W | 3.80 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Craig |
| 32.9 | 1960-08-07 | 3 | 36°58'N / 94°48'W | 36°54'N / 94°46'W | 4.70 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Ottawa |
| 33.2 | 1965-05-15 | 2 | 36°52'N / 94°52'W | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Ottawa | |||
| 33.2 | 1968-06-01 | 2 | 36°06'N / 94°36'W | 36°08'N / 94°33'W | 3.60 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Adair |
| 33.4 | 1961-03-12 | 2 | 36°29'N / 93°48'W | 1.00 Mile | 300 Yards | 0 | 14 | 25K | 0 | Carroll | |
| 33.5 | 2008-01-07 | 2 | 36°49'N / 94°00'W | 36°55'N / 93°49'W | 12.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 500K | 0K | Barry |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: A National Weather Service storm survey revealed that an EF-2 tornado tracked across rural areas between the communities of Monett and Purdy. The tornado intersected Highway 37 just south of its intersection with Highway BB. At this location, the tornado tore through a small mobile home park, destroying eight mobile homes. Additional houses and farm outbuildings were damaged along this tornado track. EPISODE NARRATIVE: An unusual mid winter tornado outbreak occurred over southwest and central Missouri. 31 tornadoes struck the region within a 15 hour time frame on 7 January into early morning 8 January. Two tornadoes intensified to EF-3 status while five tornadoes caused EF-2 damage. All other tornadoes during this outbreak were surveyed and given EF-0 and EF-1 status. Multiple training supercells spawned most of these tornadoes that occurred along the Interstate 44 corridor. Toward the end of this episode, a broken squall line spawned numerous EF-0 and EF-1 tornadoes across the southern Missouri Ozarks. | |||||||||||
| 33.9 | 1956-04-03 | 4 | 36°46'N / 94°58'W | 37°00'N / 94°46'W | 19.50 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 46 | 250K | 0 | Ottawa |
| 34.8 | 1951-09-09 | 2 | 36°37'N / 95°01'W | 2.00 Miles | 67 Yards | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Craig | |
| 34.8 | 1967-01-25 | 2 | 36°42'N / 95°00'W | 2.00 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 6 | 25K | 0 | Ottawa | |
| 34.9 | 1976-03-26 | 3 | 37°02'N / 94°11'W | 37°03'N / 94°07'W | 3.80 Miles | 40 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Newton |
| 35.0 | 2008-05-10 | 4 | 36°59'N / 95°01'W | 36°55'N / 94°37'W | 24.00 Miles | 1760 Yards | 6 | 150 | 15.0M | 0K | Ottawa |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This tornado developed at 1620 cst in northeastern Craig County and continued into Ottawa County. The tornado moved rapidly eastward toward the town of Picher where it destroyed about 200 homes, killed six people, and injured another 150 people at about 540 pm. Damage in and around Picher was rated EF-4 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale. The tornado began moving more southeasterly near Picher and struck the north side of Quapaw. While this tornado was beginning to weaken east of Quapaw, the supercell produced another tornado a few miles east-northeast of Quapaw that merged with this tornado just east of I-44. After the merger of the two tornadoes, a single tornadic circulation reintensified and became about a mile wide for several miles before moving into Newton County MO. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Elevated severe thunderstorms containing large hail developed north of a warm front that was moving slowly northward across eastern Oklahoma and west central Arkansas during the morning and early afternoon of the 10th. Another round of severe thunderstorms developed late in the afternoon as a dry line approached the area from the west. Extreme instability and strong vertical wind shear resulted in the development of long-lived supercell thunderstorms that moved across eastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas during the late afternoon and evening. Several of these supercells became tornadic and a few produced long-lived damaging tornadoes. One such supercell developed and moved along the Oklahoma-Kansas border and then into southwestern Missouri. This storm produced a tornado in northeastern Craig County OK that remained on the ground for 29 miles in Oklahoma, continued for about 31 miles in Newton County MO, and finally dissipated about 15 miles into Barry County MO. It produced EF-4 damage in several locations, including Picher, a small town in north-central Ottawa County OK. Twenty-one fatalities, over 350 injuries, and an estimated $60 million in property damage resulted from this tornado in Oklahoma and Missouri. Six of the fatalities and about 150 injuries occurred in Picher OK. Other strong tornadoes developed and moved across portions of Pittsburg and Latimer Counties. A EF-2 tornado was on the ground for about eight miles west of McAlester, damaging numerous homes in its path. Another EF-2 tornado developed southwest of Hartshorne in Pittsburg County and moved 19 miles before dissipating just east of Yanush in Latimer County. Four injuries resulted from that tornado and numerous homes were severely damaged or destroyed. | |||||||||||
| 35.1 | 1970-11-19 | 2 | 35°58'N / 94°29'W | 36°10'N / 94°13'W | 20.30 Miles | 300 Yards | 0 | 1 | 25K | 0 | Washington |
| 35.3 | 1967-01-27 | 2 | 37°01'N / 94°10'W | 37°04'N / 94°06'W | 4.90 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Newton |
| 35.3 | 1973-05-26 | 2 | 36°25'N / 93°50'W | 36°26'N / 93°44'W | 5.60 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Benton |
| 35.4 | 1970-06-11 | 3 | 35°56'N / 94°31'W | 36°12'N / 94°06'W | 29.60 Miles | 250 Yards | 1 | 44 | 2.5M | 0 | Washington |
| 35.7 | 1956-04-03 | 4 | 37°02'N / 94°44'W | 37°03'N / 94°36'W | 7.40 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 6 | 250K | 0 | Kiowa |
| 35.9 | 2010-12-31 | 3 | 36°01'N / 94°32'W | 36°06'N / 94°25'W | 9.00 Miles | 500 Yards | 4 | 7 | 1.5M | 0K | Washington |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This segment is the second of six segments of this long-track tornado. The tornado moved into Washington County snapping numerous trees as it approached the town of Cincinnati. In Cincinnati, the tornado destroyed several permanent homes, destroyed the volunteer fire station, destroyed a mobile home, damaged several other permanent homes, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, snapped numerous power poles, and destroyed barns and outbuildings. Two people were killed in the mobile home that was destroyed and a third person was killed either in or near a barn while he was tending to his cattle. At least seven injuries also occurred. The tornado was about 300 yards wide when it went through town. The maximum estimated wind speed in the tornado based on this damage was 140 mph. The tornado continued to move rapidly northeastward and widened to about 500 yards northeast of Cincinnati. Several permanent homes were severely damaged, several mobile homes were destroyed, at least four chicken houses were destroyed, outbuildings were destroyed, numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and power poles were snapped. A woman in one of the mobile homes that was destroyed was transported to a hospital with serious injuries. She later died from those injuries on January 4th. The tornado continued into Benton County, Arkansas. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into northwestern Arkansas ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of those storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front over eastern Oklahoma as it pushed into the area. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati in Washington County. Debris was transported by the tornado into northern Benton County and was reported in Bella Vista and Pea Ridge. The Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA) was closed for three hours to remove the debris from the flight line. Another supercell produced a short-lived, weak tornado in Carroll County that moved into Missouri. | |||||||||||
| 36.2 | 1980-04-07 | 3 | 36°30'N / 95°05'W | 36°34'N / 95°00'W | 6.40 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 4 | 2.5M | 0 | Craig |
| 36.4 | 1956-04-03 | 4 | 37°00'N / 94°46'W | 37°02'N / 94°44'W | 2.70 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 5 | 2.5M | 0 | Cherokee |
| 36.4 | 1971-05-05 | 3 | 37°05'N / 94°34'W | 37°07'N / 94°20'W | 13.10 Miles | 70 Yards | 1 | 60 | 2.5M | 0 | Jasper |
| 36.9 | 1956-04-03 | 4 | 37°03'N / 94°36'W | 37°09'N / 94°25'W | 12.20 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Jasper |
| 37.1 | 1960-05-05 | 2 | 36°30'N / 95°06'W | 36°34'N / 95°01'W | 6.40 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Mayes |
| 37.3 | 1973-09-24 | 3 | 36°40'N / 95°07'W | 36°42'N / 94°59'W | 7.70 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Craig |
| 37.8 | 1960-05-05 | 2 | 36°39'N / 95°07'W | 36°44'N / 95°00'W | 8.60 Miles | 500 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Craig |
| 37.9 | 1959-05-09 | 3 | 36°26'N / 95°07'W | 36°29'N / 95°00'W | 7.30 Miles | 880 Yards | 0 | 3 | 250K | 0 | Mayes |
| 38.0 | 1976-03-26 | 3 | 37°03'N / 94°07'W | 37°05'N / 94°03'W | 4.30 Miles | 40 Yards | 1 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Jasper |
| 38.1 | 1966-04-20 | 2 | 36°24'N / 93°45'W | 36°26'N / 93°43'W | 2.70 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Carroll |
| 39.1 | 1959-09-03 | 2 | 37°05'N / 94°42'W | 1.00 Mile | 200 Yards | 0 | 1 | 3K | 0 | Cherokee | |
| 39.1 | 1961-05-07 | 3 | 36°48'N / 95°06'W | 36°51'N / 94°57'W | 8.90 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Craig |
| 40.0 | 1951-07-04 | 2 | 37°09'N / 94°28'W | 0.10 Mile | 100 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Jasper | |
| 40.1 | 2010-12-31 | 2 | 36°00'N / 94°34'W | 36°01'N / 94°32'W | 2.00 Miles | 250 Yards | 0 | 0 | 60K | 0K | Adair |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This segment is the first of six segments of this long-track tornado. A tornado developed just northeast of Westville and moved rapidly northeastward damaging a home, tossing or rolling four vehicles, snapping at least 13 large power poles, and snapping or uprooting large trees. Estimated maximum wind based on this damage was 125 mph. This tornado continued into Washington County, Arkansas. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Unseasonably warm and moist air spread into eastern Oklahoma ahead of a cold front. Scattered thunderstorms developed in the late evening and early morning hours ahead of the cold front as a weak upper level disturbance passed through the region. Large hail and damaging wind gusts occurred with some of these storms. Another round of storms developed on the cold front as it moved into eastern Oklahoma a few hours before sunrise. Weak to moderate instability combined with very strong low level wind shear created an environment that supported supercell thunderstorm structures. Several supercells developed resulting in large hail and damaging wind gusts in the hours just before and after sunrise on the 31st. One of these supercells produced a long-track, strong tornado that began in Adair County, Oklahoma, and moved into Washington County, Arkansas, where it killed four people in and near the town of Cincinnati. | |||||||||||
| 40.1 | 1993-10-08 | 2 | 37°09'N / 94°31'W | 37°09'N / 94°27'W | 6.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 0 | 5.0M | 0 | Jasper |
| Brief Description: A tornado touched down near the Joplin Regional Airport and lifted near Carterville. The weather observer at the airport first reported a tornado sighting at 1651 CST. The worst damaged was in Webb City where numerous homes were damaged, one destroyed, and acres of trees were blown down. One house was lifted off its foundation, turned 60 degrees, and dropped down on the family dog killing it. Power lines were twisted off as well with other damage to trailered boats and nearby cars. | |||||||||||
| 40.4 | 1954-03-24 | 2 | 36°27'N / 95°09'W | 36°30'N / 95°04'W | 5.60 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Mayes |
| 40.5 | 1954-04-30 | 3 | 36°02'N / 94°03'W | 36°06'N / 94°00'W | 5.40 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Washington |
| 40.8 | 2003-05-04 | 3 | 36°56'N / 94°04'W | 37°01'N / 93°38'W | 25.00 Miles | 880 Yards | 5 | 33 | 27.5M | 0K | Lawrence |
| Brief Description: This tornado is a continuation of the Newton County tornado. A large tornado laid out a half mile wide path of destruction across southwest, central, and east central Lawrence County. Several communities was affected, however, the community of Pierce City was hardest hit as the historic downtown of 100 plus year old buildings were completely destroyed. Around 229 homes, buisnesses, and outbuildings were destroyed while 320 were damaged. The tornado also claimed the lives of five local residents and injured 33. The tornado continued on the ground into the Christian County panhandle. Dale Taunton age 52, was taking cover inside a National Guard armory tornado shelter, but was not in the basement. He was deceased from being struck by debris and bricks. Wanda Sue Handly age 46, was in her mobile home north of Monett while the tornado approached. She was deceased from being tossed from trailer and hit by flying debris. Jacob Aldaba Rueda age 20 weeks, was blown from his mother's arms when the tornado struck their mobile home. He was deceased from being thrown one quarter of a mile from his location. Janet Eskridge age 52, was in her modular home when the tornado struck. She was deceased from being tossed several yards from her home. Vicki Lynn Lawrence age 39, was deceased from being hit by flying debris while her mobile home was being destroyed from the tornado. F46MH, M52OT, M1MH, F52PH, F39MH | |||||||||||
| 40.8 | 1967-01-25 | 2 | 36°36'N / 95°08'W | 36°39'N / 95°07'W | 3.30 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 2 | 25K | 0 | Craig |
| 41.3 | 1954-03-24 | 3 | 36°43'N / 93°40'W | 1.00 Mile | 300 Yards | 0 | 2 | 25K | 0 | Barry | |
| 41.5 | 1970-06-11 | 2 | 36°37'N / 95°09'W | 36°50'N / 95°05'W | 15.40 Miles | 150 Yards | 1 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Craig |
| 41.6 | 1954-04-30 | 3 | 36°00'N / 94°10'W | 36°02'N / 94°03'W | 6.90 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Washington |
| 41.8 | 2008-04-10 | 2 | 36°00'N / 94°06'W | 36°02'N / 94°06'W | 3.00 Miles | 600 Yards | 0 | 0 | 125K | 0K | Washington |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: An NWS storm survey determined that a strong tornado caused major damage to a permanent home, damaged several other homes, caused extensive tree damage, and snapped power poles. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Severe thunderstorms occurred across Northwest Arkansas during the evening and early morning hours on the 9th and 10th. | |||||||||||
| 42.1 | 1967-01-25 | 2 | 36°32'N / 95°10'W | 36°36'N / 95°08'W | 4.70 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Mayes |
| 42.2 | 1980-04-07 | 3 | 36°27'N / 95°12'W | 36°30'N / 95°05'W | 7.20 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Mayes |
| 42.5 | 1973-04-21 | 2 | 37°11'N / 94°17'W | 5.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 2 | 25K | 0 | Jasper | |
| 43.2 | 2003-05-04 | 3 | 37°10'N / 94°37'W | 37°12'N / 94°31'W | 5.00 Miles | 880 Yards | 2 | 15 | 21.2M | 0 | Jasper |
| Brief Description: This tornado is a continuation of the Cherokee County, Kansas tornado. This feature crossed the Kansas-Missouri state line near the community of Smithfield, and then wreaked havoc through the center of Carl Junction. Around 112 homes and outbuildings were destroyed while 487 were damaged. The tornado claimed the lives of two local residents and injuring 15. Kenneth and Ethel LaNear ages 71 and 62, were taking shelter in a closet of their frame home when the tornado struck. Both were deceased from being struck into the ground and hit by flying debris. M71PH, F62PH | |||||||||||
| 43.4 | 1987-11-15 | 2 | 36°40'N / 95°10'W | 1.50 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 25K | 0 | Craig | |
| 43.5 | 1960-04-16 | 2 | 36°36'N / 95°12'W | 36°38'N / 95°09'W | 3.80 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 2 | 25K | 0 | Craig |
| 43.8 | 2003-05-04 | 3 | 37°05'N / 94°57'W | 37°10'N / 94°37'W | 20.00 Miles | 880 Yards | 3 | 19 | 2.7M | 1.0M | Cherokee |
| Brief Description: A classic supercell thunderstorm moved out of southern Labette County, Kansas and into southwest Cherokee County, Kansas. Intermittent, brief tornado touch downs were observed from storm spotters in rural sections of southeast Labette County, however, the storm eventually produced a long lived tornado that initially touched down north of Melrose. This feature then progressed through rural areas of central and east central Cherokee County. This large and destructive tornado is accountable for 19 injuries and three fatalities, before moving into Jasper County, Missouri. Julie Green age 50, was eating supper in her home a few miles southeast of Columbus when the tornado struck. She was thrown about one quarter of a mile southeast of the home in a field where she deceased. Charles Ross Jr. age 80 and Phyllis Ross age 73, lived in a frame home about five miles east of Crestline near the Kansas-Missouri state line. After deciding not to leave their home to seek shelter away from the path of the tornado, the tornado struck their location. The couple were deceased from flying debris. F50PH, M80PH, F73PH | |||||||||||
| 43.8 | 1971-05-05 | 2 | 37°08'N / 94°46'W | 1.00 Mile | 440 Yards | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Cherokee | |
| 44.0 | 1955-11-15 | 2 | 36°03'N / 94°00'W | 36°08'N / 93°45'W | 15.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 1 | 3K | 0 | Washington |
| 44.1 | 1962-03-20 | 2 | 36°09'N / 93°53'W | 36°07'N / 93°45'W | 7.80 Miles | 417 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Madison |
| 44.4 | 1975-04-24 | 2 | 36°48'N / 95°09'W | 36°52'N / 95°06'W | 5.20 Miles | 77 Yards | 0 | 3 | 250K | 0 | Craig |
| 44.6 | 1983-11-22 | 3 | 35°51'N / 94°45'W | 36°04'N / 94°31'W | 19.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Le Flore |
| 44.8 | 1983-03-26 | 2 | 36°48'N / 95°09'W | 1.00 Mile | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 25K | 0 | Craig | |
| 44.8 | 1960-05-05 | 2 | 36°07'N / 93°55'W | 36°09'N / 93°41'W | 13.20 Miles | 167 Yards | 0 | 1 | 25K | 0 | Madison |
| 45.2 | 1979-10-30 | 2 | 36°43'N / 93°38'W | 36°55'N / 93°38'W | 13.80 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | Barry |
| 45.4 | 1961-02-17 | 2 | 37°09'N / 94°43'W | 37°14'N / 94°38'W | 7.30 Miles | 880 Yards | 0 | 0 | 3K | 0 | Cherokee |
| 45.5 | 1983-11-22 | 3 | 35°53'N / 94°48'W | 36°03'N / 94°37'W | 16.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 6 | 2.5M | 0 | Le Flore |
| 46.0 | 1979-04-11 | 2 | 35°50'N / 94°23'W | 35°59'N / 94°19'W | 11.10 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 4 | 250K | 0 | Washington |
| 47.5 | 2006-03-12 | 3 | 36°59'N / 93°48'W | 37°02'N / 93°39'W | 10.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 1 | 1 | 5.0M | 0 | Lawrence |
| Brief Description: A supercell thunderstorm that produced a tornado in Newton County, spawned a large tornado in Lawrence County approximately one mile north of Verona. The tornado damaged 46 structures and destroyed 21. One fatality occurred from flying debris striking an elderly man in his frame home north of Marionville. This tornado basically followed a similar path that another F-3 tornado tracked along during the 4 May 2003 tornado outbreak. M66PH | |||||||||||
| 47.5 | 2008-05-10 | 2 | 37°00'N / 95°08'W | 36°59'N / 95°01'W | 5.00 Miles | 500 Yards | 0 | 0 | 600K | 0K | Craig |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: A tornado developed just south of the Oklahoma-Kansas border north-northwest of Welch. It moved rapidly east across northeastern Craig County, intensifying and widening as it moved into Ottawa County. In Craig County, the tornado destroyed several mobile homes, severely damaged about a dozen other homes, snapped or uprooted numerous trees, and blew down power poles and power lines. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Elevated severe thunderstorms containing large hail developed north of a warm front that was moving slowly northward across eastern Oklahoma and west central Arkansas during the morning and early afternoon of the 10th. Another round of severe thunderstorms developed late in the afternoon as a dry line approached the area from the west. Extreme instability and strong vertical wind shear resulted in the development of long-lived supercell thunderstorms that moved across eastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas during the late afternoon and evening. Several of these supercells became tornadic and a few produced long-lived damaging tornadoes. One such supercell developed and moved along the Oklahoma-Kansas border and then into southwestern Missouri. This storm produced a tornado in northeastern Craig County OK that remained on the ground for 29 miles in Oklahoma, continued for about 31 miles in Newton County MO, and finally dissipated about 15 miles into Barry County MO. It produced EF-4 damage in several locations, including Picher, a small town in north-central Ottawa County OK. Twenty-one fatalities, over 350 injuries, and an estimated $60 million in property damage resulted from this tornado in Oklahoma and Missouri. Six of the fatalities and about 150 injuries occurred in Picher OK. Other strong tornadoes developed and moved across portions of Pittsburg and Latimer Counties. A EF-2 tornado was on the ground for about eight miles west of McAlester, damaging numerous homes in its path. Another EF-2 tornado developed southwest of Hartshorne in Pittsburg County and moved 19 miles before dissipating just east of Yanush in Latimer County. Four injuries resulted from that tornado and numerous homes were severely damaged or destroyed. | |||||||||||
| 48.1 | 1971-05-05 | 2 | 36°16'N / 95°20'W | 36°19'N / 95°02'W | 17.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Mayes |
| 48.3 | 1999-05-04 | 3 | 35°45'N / 94°28'W | 36°00'N / 94°15'W | 22.00 Miles | 175 Yards | 0 | 0 | 80K | 0 | Washington |
| Brief Description: A significant long-track tornado first touched down 4 miles west of Short, OK, and tracked 39 miles to a point about 7 miles southwest of Fayetteville, AR. Along the way, this tornado passed through portions of four counties but mainly affected sparsely-populated areas. It reached its peak strength as an F3 tornado in extreme southeast Adair County, OK, but mainly caused F2 damage in Washington County, AR. Fortunately, this tornado lifted before it reached heavily-populated Fayetteville. The tornado's first real property damage took place at a property between the Hogeye and Strickland communities, where the tornado peeled off the roof to a home, shattered windows, uprooted trees, destroyed two barns, and wiped a porch off of its stone foundation. Numerous trees were blown down along County Roads 212 and 214. Only a few miles away in the Cove Creek community, south of Prarie Grove, the tornado blew off a home's roof, demolished an enclosed garage, and destroyed a barn. A flagpole was bent almost in half, and a road sign ended up wrapped around a mailbox. The tornado uprooted a 200-year old walnut tree which then fell onto a pickup truck. About a half-dozen other oak and cedar trees on one property dating back at least 150 years were snapped or uprooted. The Washington County Judge's Office supplied a picture of a church near Cove Creek that was moved off of its foundation. Several poultry buildings along the tornado's path were also damaged. The property damage listed in this entry is for just that damage sustained in Washington County, while the F-rating reflects the tornado's peak strength in Adair County, OK. Summary of events for May 4 1999: Following a record tornado outbreak in Oklahoma on May 3-4, a significant severe weather outbreak affected northwest Arkansas on the morning and afternoon of May 4 as a vigorous upper level system continued to move slowly east. While there were many individual storms in the area on May 4, the most outstanding storm of the day was a supercell thunderstorm that spawned a tornado in Sequoyah County, OK, which then moved northeast for 39 miles to near Fayetteville. Other storms produced damaging winds and large hail. | |||||||||||
| 48.7 | 1973-05-26 | 2 | 36°20'N / 93°34'W | 2.00 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Carroll | |
| 48.8 | 1960-05-05 | 2 | 35°49'N / 94°12'W | 36°00'N / 94°00'W | 16.90 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Washington |
| 48.9 | 1976-03-26 | 2 | 35°52'N / 94°25'W | 2.00 Miles | 77 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Washington | |
| 49.0 | 1954-04-30 | 3 | 35°45'N / 94°19'W | 36°00'N / 94°10'W | 19.20 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Washington |
| 49.1 | 1976-03-26 | 3 | 37°05'N / 94°03'W | 37°14'N / 93°43'W | 21.00 Miles | 40 Yards | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Lawrence |
| 49.7 | 2008-04-10 | 2 | 35°49'N / 94°30'W | 35°54'N / 94°28'W | 6.00 Miles | 400 Yards | 0 | 0 | 75K | 0K | Washington |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The strong tornado that began 5.5 miles east-southeast of Stillwell in Adair County Oklahoma moved into Washington County. The tornado destroyed a mobile home, destroyed a barn, rolled a vehicle, caused extensive tree damage, and snapped power poles. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Severe thunderstorms occurred across Northwest Arkansas during the evening and early morning hours on the 9th and 10th. | |||||||||||
* The information on this page is based on the global volcano database, the U.S. earthquake database of 1638-1985, and the U.S. Tornado and Weather Extremes database of 1950-2010.