Hampton, MN Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes
Hot Rankings
The chance of earthquake damage in Hampton is about the same as Minnesota average and is much lower than the national average. The risk of tornado damage in Hampton is higher than Minnesota average and is higher than the national average.
Earthquake Index, #530
| Hampton, MN | 0.00 |
| Minnesota | 0.01 |
| U.S. | 1.81 |
The earthquake index value is calculated based on historical earthquake events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the earthquake level in a region. A higher earthquake index value means a higher chance of an earthquake.
Volcano Index, #1
| Hampton, MN | 0.0000 |
| Minnesota | 0.0000 |
| U.S. | 0.0023 |
The volcano index value is calculated based on the currently known volcanoes using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the possibility of a region being affected by a possible volcano eruption. A higher volcano index value means a higher chance of being affected.
Tornado Index, #224
| Hampton, MN | 185.23 |
| Minnesota | 135.90 |
| U.S. | 136.45 |
The tornado index value is calculated based on historical tornado events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the tornado level in a region. A higher tornado index value means a higher chance of tornado events.
Other Weather Extremes Events
A total of 4,201 other weather extremes events within 50 miles of Hampton, MN were recorded from 1950 to 2010. The following is a break down of these events:
| Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count | Type | Count |
| Avalanche: | 0 | Blizzard: | 44 | Cold: | 36 | Dense Fog: | 2 | Drought: | 3 |
| Dust Storm: | 0 | Flood: | 216 | Hail: | 1,759 | Heat: | 18 | Heavy Snow: | 61 |
| High Surf: | 0 | Hurricane: | 0 | Ice Storm: | 7 | Landslide: | 0 | Strong Wind: | 46 |
| Thunderstorm Winds: | 1,682 | Tropical Storm: | 0 | Wildfire: | 1 | Winter Storm: | 126 | Winter Weather: | 1 |
| Other: | 199 | ||||||||
Volcanos Nearby
No volcano is found in or near Hampton, MN.
Historical Earthquake Events
No historical earthquake events that had recorded magnitudes of 3.5 or above found in or near Hampton, MN.
No historical earthquake events found in or near Hampton, MN.
Historical Tornado Events
A total of 68 historical tornado events that had recorded magnitude of 2 or above found in or near Hampton, MN.
| Distance (miles) | Date | Magnitude | Start Lat/Log | End Lat/Log | Length | Width | Fatalities | Injuries | Property Damage | Crop Damage | Affected County |
| 5.9 | 1968-05-15 | 2 | 44°29'N / 93°12'W | 44°35'N / 92°55'W | 15.40 Miles | 333 Yards | 0 | 1 | 250K | 0 | Dakota |
| 6.9 | 2001-05-09 | 2 | 44°30'N / 93°02'W | 44°31'N / 92°59'W | 4.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 4.0M | 0 | Goodhue |
| Brief Description: The Northfield tornado (which originated in Rice County) dissipated on the south side of Lake Byllesby, but not before destroying several sheds and causing minor damage to 12 homes. | |||||||||||
| 8.9 | 1987-07-27 | 3 | 44°34'N / 92°43'W | 44°28'N / 93°02'W | 20.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Goodhue |
| 9.1 | 2001-05-09 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°05'W | 44°30'N / 93°02'W | 3.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 7.0M | 0 | Dakota |
| Brief Description: The Northfield tornado (which originated in Rice County) crossed Highway 19 into extreme southeastern Dakota County, then went into Goodhue County. Five homes sustained major damage, including one with its roof completely removed. 12 other homes received minor damage. Several motorists barely made it into nearby homes before the tornado struck. | |||||||||||
| 11.3 | 1998-03-29 | 2 | 44°33'N / 93°15'W | 44°33'N / 93°11'W | 3.00 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Dakota |
| 11.5 | 2001-05-09 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°10'W | 44°28'N / 93°05'W | 5.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 9.0M | 0 | Rice |
| Brief Description: NWS damage survey rated the tornado an F2. Tornado touched down briefly in downtown Northfield, flipping over a semi trailer truck and lifting the roof off of one business. Three-fourths mile later, it touched down again on the east side of Northfield, and then remained on the ground for 11 miles. After being in Rice County for 5 miles, it crossed Highway 19 into Dakota County and then dissipated in Goodhue County 4 miles west of Cannon Falls, for a total of 12 miles. Numerous rear flank downdraft gusts estimated at 90 mph caused damage alongside the southern periphery of tornado track. One man sustained minor injuries when he was blown from a tractor, but did not require hospitalization. A total of 8 homes received major damage, 22 more had minor damage, and a turkey processing plant was destroyed. | |||||||||||
| 13.1 | 1987-07-27 | 3 | 44°28'N / 93°02'W | 44°26'N / 93°16'W | 10.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Rice |
| 14.0 | 1968-05-15 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°14'W | 44°29'N / 93°12'W | 0 | 2 | 250K | 0 | Rice | ||
| 17.7 | 1954-06-25 | 2 | 44°50'N / 92°55'W | 44°52'N / 92°51'W | 2.70 Miles | 1760 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Washington |
| 19.7 | 1981-06-14 | 3 | 44°49'N / 93°16'W | 44°53'N / 93°10'W | 6.20 Miles | 600 Yards | 0 | 23 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 21.1 | 1979-05-22 | 2 | 44°49'N / 93°19'W | 2.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Hennepin | |
| 21.2 | 1998-03-29 | 2 | 44°28'N / 93°26'W | 44°28'N / 93°20'W | 5.00 Miles | 440 Yards | 0 | 0 | 20.0M | 0 | Rice |
| Brief Description: Four homes and 6 businesses severely damaged. Street department building damaged. 20 farms damaged or destroyed. | |||||||||||
| 23.3 | 1953-05-10 | 2 | 44°50'N / 92°40'W | 44°51'N / 92°39'W | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Pierce | ||
| 23.5 | 1981-06-14 | 3 | 44°53'N / 93°10'W | 45°00'N / 93°02'W | 10.00 Miles | 600 Yards | 1 | 60 | 25.0M | 0 | Ramsey |
| 24.2 | 1952-06-24 | 2 | 44°20'N / 93°51'W | 45°07'N / 93°05'W | 65.80 Miles | 267 Yards | 0 | 6 | 2.5M | 0 | Le Sueur |
| 27.0 | 1958-05-24 | 3 | 44°58'N / 92°46'W | 44°51'N / 92°32'W | 13.70 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 6 | 250K | 0 | St. Croix |
| 27.9 | 1951-07-20 | 3 | 44°56'N / 93°30'W | 44°53'N / 93°16'W | 11.60 Miles | 33 Yards | 5 | 40 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 28.1 | 1979-10-03 | 2 | 44°43'N / 92°27'W | 2.50 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Pierce | |
| 28.2 | 1977-05-21 | 2 | 44°34'N / 93°37'W | 44°48'N / 93°31'W | 16.60 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Scott |
| 28.6 | 1952-06-23 | 2 | 44°50'N / 93°30'W | 44°51'N / 93°28'W | 0 | 5 | 2.5M | 0 | Hennepin | ||
| 30.8 | 1984-04-26 | 3 | 45°01'N / 93°14'W | 45°02'N / 93°13'W | 1.00 Mile | 60 Yards | 1 | 52 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 31.0 | 1977-05-21 | 2 | 44°31'N / 93°38'W | 44°34'N / 93°37'W | 2.70 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Le Sueur |
| 31.2 | 2010-07-14 | 2 | 44°46'N / 92°34'W | 44°48'N / 92°16'W | 15.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0K | Pierce |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: Several barns and sheds were destroyed, and structural damage was noted at some homes. Many trees were broken or snapped. This tornado was accompanied by strong rear flank downdraft winds, which also knocked down trees and damaged some sheds. EPISODE NARRATIVE: The morning of Wednesday July 14th had a complex of severe thunderstorms moving across eastern North Dakota, into portions of west-central and central Minnesota. This complex moved eastward during the morning, and intensified across portions of east-central Minnesota and west-central Wisconsin. Several waves of severe thunderstorms developed across west-central Wisconsin and began to reform westward into Minnesota by the early afternoon. These severe storms that reformed in east-central Minnesota, quickly moved into west-central Wisconsin by the mid afternoon and caused tornadoes and damaging straight-line winds. In addition to the winds and hail, several inches of rainfall caused flooding in Polk, Barron, St Croix and Rusk Counties. | |||||||||||
| 31.7 | 1958-10-09 | 2 | 45°01'N / 92°44'W | 45°01'N / 92°41'W | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | St. Croix | ||
| 31.9 | 1958-05-24 | 3 | 45°09'N / 92°57'W | 44°58'N / 92°46'W | 15.10 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 6 | 250K | 0 | Washington |
| 32.4 | 1982-05-17 | 3 | 44°06'N / 93°13'W | 44°12'N / 93°04'W | 10.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Steele |
| 32.5 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°59'N / 93°23'W | 45°03'N / 93°17'W | 5.90 Miles | 667 Yards | 6 | 50 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 32.9 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°51'N / 93°32'W | 44°57'N / 93°32'W | 6.90 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Carver |
| 33.2 | 1984-04-26 | 3 | 45°02'N / 93°13'W | 45°06'N / 93°12'W | 4.50 Miles | 600 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Ramsey |
| 33.8 | 1981-04-29 | 2 | 44°12'N / 92°39'W | 44°12'N / 92°36'W | 0 | 2 | 2.5M | 0 | Olmsted | ||
| 35.1 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 45°03'N / 93°17'W | 45°08'N / 93°10'W | 7.60 Miles | 667 Yards | 0 | 108 | 25.0M | 0 | Ramsey |
| 35.1 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 45°02'N / 93°17'W | 45°08'N / 93°14'W | 6.80 Miles | 1000 Yards | 3 | 175 | 25.0M | 0 | Anoka |
| 35.9 | 1986-07-18 | 2 | 45°00'N / 93°17'W | 45°10'N / 93°19'W | 2.00 Miles | 833 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 36.5 | 2010-07-14 | 2 | 44°45'N / 92°21'W | 44°49'N / 92°15'W | 6.00 Miles | 30 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0K | Pierce |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: Several sheds and outbuildings were destroyed, as were a couple of barns. Hundreds of trees were snapped. The tornado was accompanied by strong rear flank downdraft winds that also knocked down numerous trees. EPISODE NARRATIVE: The morning of Wednesday July 14th had a complex of severe thunderstorms moving across eastern North Dakota, into portions of west-central and central Minnesota. This complex moved eastward during the morning, and intensified across portions of east-central Minnesota and west-central Wisconsin. Several waves of severe thunderstorms developed across west-central Wisconsin and began to reform westward into Minnesota by the early afternoon. These severe storms that reformed in east-central Minnesota, quickly moved into west-central Wisconsin by the mid afternoon and caused tornadoes and damaging straight-line winds. In addition to the winds and hail, several inches of rainfall caused flooding in Polk, Barron, St Croix and Rusk Counties. | |||||||||||
| 37.1 | 1967-07-22 | 2 | 44°49'N / 92°23'W | 44°46'N / 92°12'W | 9.20 Miles | 200 Yards | 0 | 3 | 250K | 0 | Pierce |
| 37.1 | 1958-05-24 | 3 | 44°51'N / 92°32'W | 44°37'N / 92°00'W | 30.60 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Pierce |
| 37.3 | 1998-03-29 | 2 | 44°22'N / 93°50'W | 44°26'N / 93°34'W | 17.00 Miles | 1760 Yards | 0 | 2 | 20.0M | 0 | Le Sueur |
| Brief Description: Tornado tracked through Le Center and adjoining rural areas. Most of the businesses in the southern part of town were damaged. Buildings destroyed at county fairgrounds. 15 mobiles homes at a trailer park destroyed, another 26 suffering major damage. Over 100 farm buildings destroyed. | |||||||||||
| 37.8 | 1953-05-10 | 2 | 44°51'N / 92°39'W | 45°13'N / 92°23'W | 28.30 Miles | 100 Yards | 1 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | St. Croix |
| 37.9 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 45°08'N / 93°10'W | 45°10'N / 93°05'W | 3.80 Miles | 667 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Anoka |
| 38.2 | 1952-06-24 | 2 | 45°07'N / 93°05'W | 45°12'N / 93°04'W | 5.10 Miles | 267 Yards | 0 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | Anoka |
| 38.6 | 1964-08-28 | 2 | 44°17'N / 92°21'W | 44°20'N / 92°20'W | 2.70 Miles | 67 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Wabasha |
| 38.6 | 2008-05-25 | 3 | 45°10'N / 93°03'W | 45°10'N / 93°01'W | 2.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 0 | 0 | 300K | 0K | Anoka |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touched down on the eastern side of Lino Lakes, at the eastern shore of Peltier Lake. The tornado felled trees and lifted boat docks, then tracked east and crossed Interstate 35E. As this occurred, a few barns, grain bins, and silos were damaged. The tornado then intensified as it moved into northwestern Washington County and a subdivision (Creekview Preserve), about two miles north of downtown Hugo. It was at this point (around 16:01), that the twister caused EF-3 damage. The tornado dissipated in the eastern portion of Hugo, just north of Irish Avenue and 140th Street. Seven hundred and ninety four homes, including mobile homes, were affected by the storm in some way. A total of 91 homes sustained minor structural damage, numerous broken windows, and damage to small sections of roof. Twenty seven homes were destroyed, totally collapsed, or not economically feasible to repair. A two year old boy in Washington County (see corresponding entry) died after being blown out of the first floor of his home in Creekview Preserve. A 62 year old woman in Washington County died an indirect death due to a heart attack during cleanup in Hugo a few days later. Some important information provided by the Pioneer Press, Star Tribune, and other local newspapers. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A cold front was the catalyst for numerous reports of severe weather on this date. | |||||||||||
| 38.6 | 2008-05-25 | 3 | 45°10'N / 93°01'W | 45°10'N / 92°55'W | 4.00 Miles | 220 Yards | 1 | 17 | 25.0M | 0K | Washington |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touched down on the eastern side of Lino Lakes, at the eastern shore of Peltier Lake. The tornado felled trees and lifted boat docks, then tracked east and crossed Interstate 35E. As this occurred, a few barns, grain bins, and silos were damaged. The tornado then intensified as it moved into northwestern Washington County and a subdivision (Creekview Preserve), about two miles north of downtown Hugo. It was at this point (around 16:01), that the twister caused EF-3 damage. The tornado dissipated in the eastern portion of Hugo, just north of Irish Avenue and 140th Street. Seven hundred and ninety four homes, including mobile homes, were affected by the storm in some way. A total of 91 homes sustained minor structural damage, numerous broken windows, and damage to small sections of roof. Twenty seven homes were destroyed, totally collapsed, or not economically feasible to repair. A two year old boy died after being blown out of the first floor of his home in Creekview Preserve. A 62 year old woman died an indirect death when she suffered a heart attack during cleanup in Hugo a few days later. Some important information provided by the Pioneer Press, Star Tribune, and other local newspapers. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A cold front was the catalyst for numerous reports of severe weather on this date. | |||||||||||
| 39.2 | 1981-06-14 | 2 | 44°23'N / 93°44'W | 2.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 8 | 250K | 0 | Le Sueur | |
| 39.7 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°47'N / 93°45'W | 44°54'N / 93°44'W | 7.70 Miles | 300 Yards | 3 | 87 | 25.0M | 0 | Carver |
| 40.5 | 1981-06-14 | 2 | 44°51'N / 92°15'W | 0.50 Mile | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Pierce | |
| 40.7 | 1986-07-18 | 2 | 45°10'N / 93°19'W | 45°09'N / 93°17'W | 2.00 Miles | 833 Yards | 0 | 0 | 2.5M | 0 | Anoka |
| 40.7 | 1966-07-05 | 2 | 45°09'N / 93°29'W | 45°04'N / 93°24'W | 6.50 Miles | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Hennepin |
| 41.2 | 2005-09-21 | 2 | 45°10'N / 93°19'W | 45°11'N / 93°13'W | 2.00 Miles | 50 Yards | 0 | 1 | 5.0M | 0 | Anoka |
| Brief Description: A damage survey determined that the tornado touched down in the east central portion of Coon Rapids, only a few blocks west of the border with Blaine. It traveled east-southeast causing mostly F0 to F1 damage at first, but strengthened to F2 status near the intersection of Jefferson Street and 104th Court. The tornado dissipated only 1/4 mile west of the National Sports Center complex. Ten homes were rendered uninhabitable, and thirty others were damaged to a lesser extent. A woman suffered minor injuries when she was blown from the upper story of her home into a tree. | |||||||||||
| 41.4 | 1987-07-23 | 3 | 45°09'N / 93°29'W | 45°07'N / 93°20'W | 5.00 Miles | 170 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 42.2 | 1954-08-15 | 2 | 45°07'N / 92°35'W | 45°08'N / 92°30'W | 3.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | St. Croix |
| 42.2 | 1970-04-29 | 2 | 43°58'N / 93°33'W | 44°10'N / 93°15'W | 20.10 Miles | 27 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Waseca |
| 42.3 | 1965-05-06 | 4 | 44°54'N / 93°44'W | 44°58'N / 93°44'W | 4.60 Miles | 300 Yards | 0 | 88 | 25.0M | 0 | Hennepin |
| 42.7 | 1958-06-04 | 5 | 44°54'N / 92°20'W | 44°55'N / 92°09'W | 8.60 Miles | 880 Yards | 1 | 20 | 25.0M | 0 | St. Croix |
| 43.6 | 1967-04-30 | 2 | 43°59'N / 93°25'W | 44°07'N / 93°25'W | 9.20 Miles | 67 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Waseca |
| 43.7 | 1963-06-09 | 2 | 44°08'N / 93°43'W | 44°11'N / 93°32'W | 9.30 Miles | 150 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Waseca |
| 44.5 | 1982-05-17 | 3 | 43°51'N / 93°10'W | 44°06'N / 93°10'W | 16.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 250K | 0 | Steele |
| 44.7 | 1983-07-03 | 4 | 45°13'N / 93°19'W | 1.00 Mile | 67 Yards | 0 | 4 | 25K | 0 | Anoka | |
| 45.1 | 1967-04-30 | 4 | 43°51'N / 93°14'W | 44°06'N / 93°13'W | 17.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25.0M | 0 | Steele |
| 45.1 | 1951-06-19 | 4 | 45°12'N / 93°23'W | 45°13'N / 93°21'W | 1 | 9 | 2.5M | 0 | Anoka | ||
| 45.2 | 2006-08-24 | 3 | 44°18'N / 93°58'W | 44°15'N / 93°37'W | 17.50 Miles | 880 Yards | 1 | 30 | 20.0M | 4.0M | Le Sueur |
| Brief Description: The F3 tornado that began in Nicollet County at 1630 CST moved into Le Sueur County near the northern city limits of Kasota. Over 100 homes suffered some damage, dozens of homes had major damage, and three were completely leveled. The tornado moved east-northeast for about ten miles in Le Sueur County, then turned and moved east-southeast until dissipation. Hundreds of farm animals were killed, including 200 cows at a large dairy. Approximately five thousand acres of corn and soybeans were estimated to be ruined across the county. A State Farm spokeswoman said the company expected 4,500 homeowner claims and 8,000 auto claims from the storm. Some information provided by the Star Tribune newspaper. A 91 year old man perished in the upper floor of his home when a tree crashed through the roof. M91PH | |||||||||||
| 45.6 | 1965-05-06 | 2 | 44°43'N / 93°56'W | 44°50'N / 93°52'W | 8.20 Miles | 667 Yards | 0 | 100 | 25.0M | 0 | Carver |
| 46.6 | 1965-07-12 | 2 | 45°17'N / 92°59'W | 0.30 Mile | 33 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Washington | |
| 46.9 | 1998-03-29 | 3 | 44°20'N / 93°57'W | 44°24'N / 93°50'W | 6.00 Miles | 2200 Yards | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Le Sueur |
| Brief Description: See narrative for Nicollet county. | |||||||||||
| 49.1 | 1976-06-14 | 2 | 44°15'N / 93°53'W | 44°17'N / 93°52'W | 0 | 0 | 0K | 0 | Le Sueur | ||
| 49.5 | 1967-04-30 | 4 | 43°51'N / 93°30'W | 44°07'N / 93°29'W | 18.20 Miles | 267 Yards | 6 | 22 | 25.0M | 0 | Waseca |
| 49.6 | 2010-06-17 | 2 | 43°53'N / 93°05'W | 43°54'N / 93°03'W | 2.00 Miles | 100 Yards | 0 | 1 | 0K | 0K | Steele |
| Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: This EF-2 tornado touched down and tracked east-northeast, and soon crossed the path of the Blooming Prairie EF-3 that had moved north-northeast about 10 minutes earlier. A manufactured home was obliterated by the EF-2. A woman inside the home was blown about 20 feet, but was found under debris, rescued by law enforcement, and survived. The tornado continued moving east-northeast, and several outbuildings were destroyed, along with many broken trees. The tornado continued into Dodge County. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Several strong storms developed in west-central Minnesota during the mid afternoon hours of June 17th. These storms quickly become severe and produced softball size hail northwest of Alexandria and a tornado near Leaf Valley that became the EF-4 that moved through Wadena, Minnesota. By the late afternoon, numerous thunderstorms developed across southern Minnesota along the leading edge of extreme instability. Numerous funnel cloud reports and a few brief tornado touchdowns were noted prior to 5 pm, but once the low level shear (0-1 km) increased significantly from 15 knots, to over 35 knots, strong tornadoes developed along the Iowa border. These storms along the Iowa border produced a series of long-lived tornadoes near Albert Lea, Minnesota. Very large hail also accompanied some tornadoes along with flash flooding. | |||||||||||
| 50.0 | 1967-06-12 | 2 | 45°18'N / 92°42'W | 0.50 Mile | 50 Yards | 0 | 0 | 25K | 0 | Polk | |
* The information on this page is based on the global volcano database, the U.S. earthquake database of 1638-1985, and the U.S. Tornado and Weather Extremes database of 1950-2010.