| Rank | Service Occupations Male Percentage ▼ | School District / Population |
| 1. | 54.6% | Brockton Elementary School District / 996 |
| 1. | 54.6% | Brockton High School District / 996 |
| 3. | 47.8% | West Glacier Elementary School District / 446 |
| 4. | 46.5% | Malmborg Elementary School District / 227 |
| 5. | 44.6% | Frazer Elementary School District / 417 |
| 6. | 44.4% | Deerfield Elementary School District / 35 |
| 7. | 41.9% | Basin Elementary School District / 180 |
| 8. | 37.4% | Lame Deer Elementary School District / 2,928 |
| 9. | 35.8% | Boulder Elementary School District / 2,429 |
| 10. | 32.5% | East Glacier Park Elementary School District / 811 |
| 11. | 31.2% | Heart Butte K-12 Schools / 772 |
| 12. | 31.0% | Gardiner Elementary School District / 1,809 |
| 13. | 30.3% | Gardiner High School District / 1,881 |
| 14. | 29.3% | Elysian Elementary School District / 713 |
| 15. | 28.8% | Ophir Elementary School District / 1,478 |
| 16. | 28.6% | Pryor Elementary School District / 1,019 |
| 16. | 28.6% | Plenty Coups High School District / 1,019 |
| 18. | 28.2% | Hays-Lodge Pole K-12 Schools / 1,083 |
| 19. | 28.1% | Deer Lodge Elementary School District / 5,602 |
| 20. | 27.5% | Divide Elementary School District / 157 |
| 21. | 27.4% | Frazer High School District / 668 |
| 22. | 26.5% | Swan Valley Elementary School District / 433 |
| 23. | 26.3% | Anaconda Elementary School District / 9,079 |
| 24. | 26.1% | Lame Deer High School District / 5,207 |
| 25. | 26.1% | Anaconda High School District / 9,149 |
| 26. | 25.5% | Browning High School District / 9,084 |
| 27. | 25.2% | White Sulphur Springs Elementary School District / 1,881 |
| 28. | 25.1% | West Yellowstone K-12 School District / 1,770 |
| 29. | 25.0% | Yaak Elementary School District / 185 |
| 30. | 24.6% | Red Lodge Elementary School District / 3,324 |
| 31. | 24.4% | Browning Elementary School District / 8,273 |
| 32. | 23.8% | Red Lodge High School District / 3,838 |
| 33. | 23.8% | Powell County High School District / 7,198 |
| 34. | 23.4% | White Sulphur Springs High School District / 2,024 |
| 35. | 23.0% | Swan River Elementary School District / 1,682 |
| 36. | 22.2% | Carter Elementary School District / 114 |
| 37. | 22.1% | Cut Bank High School District / 4,167 |
| 37. | 22.1% | Cut Bank Elementary School District / 4,167 |
| 39. | 21.8% | Philipsburg K-12 Schools / 1,724 |
| 40. | 21.3% | Jefferson High School District / 7,975 |
| 41. | 20.6% | Hardin Elementary School District / 8,883 |
| 42. | 20.4% | Paradise Elementary School District / 320 |
| 43. | 20.2% | Hardin High School District / 7,844 |
| 44. | 20.0% | Sylvanite Elementary School District / 139 |
| 45. | 19.6% | Ovando Elementary School District / 326 |
| 46. | 19.6% | Glasgow K-12 Schools / 4,913 |
| 47. | 19.2% | Judith Gap Elementary School District / 280 |
| 47. | 19.2% | Judith Gap High School District / 280 |
| 49. | 19.0% | Missoula Elementary School District / 68,124 |
| 50. | 18.6% | Ashland Elementary School District / 1,144 |
| 51. | 18.5% | Gold Creek Elementary School District / 274 |
| 52. | 18.4% | Smith Valley Elementary School District / 1,980 |
| 53. | 18.2% | Fort Benton Elementary School District / 1,766 |
| 54. | 17.9% | Wolf Point Elementary School District / 3,666 |
| 55. | 17.8% | Poplar High School District / 3,124 |
| 55. | 17.8% | Poplar Elementary School District / 3,124 |
| 57. | 17.7% | Elliston Elementary School District / 281 |
| 57. | 17.7% | Choteau Elementary School District / 2,584 |
| 59. | 17.7% | East Helena Elementary School District / 8,718 |
| 60. | 17.6% | Wolf Point High School District / 4,225 |
| 61. | 17.6% | Ronan Elementary School District / 8,214 |
| 61. | 17.6% | Ronan High School District / 8,214 |
| 63. | 17.3% | Valier Elementary School District / 1,156 |
| 64. | 17.1% | Fort Benton High School District / 2,044 |
| 65. | 17.0% | Butte Elementary School District / 32,463 |
| 66. | 16.9% | Drummond Elementary School District / 1,067 |
| 67. | 16.8% | Missoula High School District / 98,293 |
| 68. | 16.8% | Shelby Elementary School District / 3,688 |
| 69. | 16.8% | Butte High School District / 33,769 |
| 70. | 16.7% | Somers Elementary School District / 5,135 |
| 71. | 16.7% | Dixon Elementary School District / 679 |
| 72. | 16.6% | Harlem Elementary School District / 2,608 |
| 73. | 16.6% | Fortine Elementary School District / 812 |
| 74. | 16.4% | De Smet Elementary School District / 559 |
| 75. | 16.4% | Darby K-12 Schools / 3,584 |
| 76. | 16.3% | Dillon Elementary School District / 7,639 |
| 77. | 16.2% | Belt High School District / 2,003 |
| 78. | 16.1% | Harrison K-12 Schools / 783 |
| 79. | 15.9% | Jackson Elementary School District / 115 |
| 80. | 15.8% | Valier High School District / 1,467 |
| 81. | 15.8% | Frontier Elementary School District / 559 |
| 82. | 15.8% | Shelby High School District / 3,940 |
| 83. | 15.7% | Choteau High School District / 3,127 |
| 84. | 15.7% | Wibaux K-12 Schools / 1,067 |
| 85. | 15.7% | Independent Elementary School District / 2,926 |
| 86. | 15.6% | Lewistown Elementary School District / 9,022 |
| 87. | 15.6% | Box Elder High School District / 416 |
| 87. | 15.6% | Box Elder Elementary School District / 416 |
| 87. | 15.6% | Superior K-12 Schools / 2,443 |
| 90. | 15.6% | Harlem High School District / 2,696 |
| 91. | 15.5% | Fergus High School District / 9,230 |
| 92. | 15.5% | Roberts K-12 Schools / 597 |
| 93. | 15.5% | Belt Elementary School District / 1,997 |
| 94. | 15.4% | Arlee High School District / 2,488 |
| 94. | 15.4% | Arlee Elementary School District / 2,488 |
| 96. | 15.4% | Reichle Elementary School District / 91 |
| 97. | 15.3% | Evergreen Elementary School District / 6,321 |
| 98. | 15.3% | Plains High School District / 3,254 |
| 98. | 15.3% | Luther Elementary School District / 444 |
| 100. | 15.3% | Great Falls Elementary School District / 71,164 |
| 101. | 15.3% | Great Falls High School District / 71,219 |
| 102. | 15.1% | Stanford K-12 Schools / 887 |
| 103. | 15.0% | St. Ignatius K-12 Schools / 3,124 |
| 104. | 14.9% | Victor K-12 Schools / 3,668 |
| 105. | 14.9% | Plains Elementary School District / 2,934 |
| 106. | 14.8% | Raynesford Elementary School District / 109 |
| 107. | 14.8% | Helena High School District / 59,916 |
| 108. | 14.7% | Vaughn Elementary School District / 962 |
| 109. | 14.6% | Beaverhead County High School District / 8,678 |
| 110. | 14.6% | Helena Elementary School District / 49,204 |
| 111. | 14.6% | Helena Flats Elementary School District / 1,568 |
| 112. | 14.4% | Billings Elementary School District / 104,812 |
| 113. | 14.4% | Broadview Elementary School District / 867 |
| 114. | 14.2% | Rocky Boy Elementary School District / 2,801 |
| 115. | 13.9% | Hot Springs Elementary School District / 1,356 |
| 116. | 13.8% | Bozeman High School District / 58,415 |
| 116. | 13.8% | Bozeman Elementary School District / 51,052 |
| 118. | 13.8% | Name N/A / 866,873 |
| 119. | 13.7% | Thompson Falls Elementary School District / 3,463 |
| 119. | 13.7% | Thompson Falls High School District / 3,463 |
| 121. | 13.7% | Billings High School District / 125,086 |
| 122. | 13.7% | Lima K-12 Schools / 454 |
| 123. | 13.5% | Polson Elementary School District / 9,910 |
| 123. | 13.5% | Livingston Elementary School District / 10,375 |
| 125. | 13.3% | Morin Elementary School District / 513 |
| 126. | 13.3% | Clancy Elementary School District / 2,812 |
| 127. | 13.3% | Simms High School District / 3,223 |
| 128. | 13.3% | Broadview High School District / 952 |
| 129. | 13.2% | King Colony Elementary School District / 199 |
| 130. | 13.2% | Sunburst K-12 Schools / 1,203 |
| 131. | 13.2% | Drummond High School District / 1,320 |
| 132. | 13.2% | Park High School District / 12,485 |
| 133. | 13.1% | Corvallis K-12 Schools / 7,173 |
| 134. | 13.0% | Cooke City Elementary School District / 72 |
| 134. | 13.0% | Columbia Falls High School District / 14,488 |
| 136. | 12.9% | Target Range Elementary School District / 4,158 |
| 137. | 12.9% | Highwood High School District / 530 |
| 137. | 12.9% | Augusta Elementary School District / 594 |
| 139. | 12.8% | Florence-Carlton K-12 Schools / 5,760 |
| 140. | 12.8% | Sun River Valley Elementary School District / 2,261 |
| 141. | 12.7% | Kila Elementary School District / 1,536 |
| 142. | 12.7% | Arrowhead Elementary School District / 1,625 |
| 143. | 12.7% | Big Sandy High School District / 2,556 |
| 144. | 12.7% | Polson High School District / 10,969 |
| 145. | 12.6% | Hot Springs High School District / 1,572 |
| 146. | 12.4% | Rocky Boy High School District / 1,613 |
| 147. | 12.4% | Highwood Elementary School District / 562 |
| 148. | 12.4% | McCormick Elementary School District / 395 |
| 148. | 12.4% | Scobey K-12 Schools / 1,492 |
| 150. | 12.3% | Forsyth Elementary School District / 2,502 |
| 151. | 12.2% | Belgrade Elementary School District / 19,900 |
| 152. | 12.2% | Deer Park Elementary School District / 1,018 |
| 153. | 12.2% | Culbertson High School District / 1,027 |
| 154. | 12.1% | Belgrade High School District / 20,130 |
| 155. | 12.0% | Nashua K-12 Schools / 905 |
| 156. | 11.9% | Columbia Falls Elementary School District / 14,042 |
| 157. | 11.9% | Forsyth High School District / 2,555 |
| 158. | 11.8% | Garrison Elementary School District / 142 |
| 159. | 11.7% | McLeod Elementary School District / 277 |
| 160. | 11.7% | Augusta High School District / 689 |
| 161. | 11.6% | Swan Lake-Salmon Elementary School District / 293 |
| 162. | 11.5% | Frenchtown K-12 Schools / 6,181 |
| 163. | 11.5% | Seeley Lake Elementary School District / 1,746 |
| 164. | 11.5% | Flathead High School District / 55,349 |
| 165. | 11.4% | Sunset Elementary School District / 185 |
| 166. | 11.3% | Shields Valley Elementary School District / 1,625 |
| 166. | 11.3% | Shields Valley High School District / 1,625 |
| 168. | 11.3% | Plentywood K-12 Schools / 2,392 |
| 169. | 11.2% | Hellgate Elementary School District / 12,009 |
| 170. | 11.1% | Stevensville Elementary School District / 7,061 |
| 171. | 11.0% | Cottonwood Elementary School District / 319 |
| 172. | 11.0% | Joliet High School District / 2,347 |
| 173. | 10.9% | Kinsey Elementary School District / 420 |
| 174. | 10.9% | Lolo Elementary School District / 4,621 |
| 174. | 10.9% | Culbertson Elementary School District / 1,139 |
| 176. | 10.9% | Zurich Elementary School District / 284 |
| 177. | 10.9% | Whitefish Elementary School District / 13,487 |
| 177. | 10.9% | Libby K-12 Schools / 9,742 |
| 179. | 10.9% | Stevensville High School District / 10,237 |
| 180. | 10.8% | Centerville Elementary School District / 1,658 |
| 181. | 10.8% | Miles City Elementary School District / 9,973 |
| 182. | 10.8% | Ramsay Elementary School District / 1,075 |
| 183. | 10.7% | Monforton Elementary School District / 1,953 |
| 184. | 10.7% | Big Sandy Elementary School District / 1,349 |
| 185. | 10.6% | Greenfield Elementary School District / 704 |
| 186. | 10.6% | Kalispell Elementary School District / 27,570 |
| 187. | 10.6% | Whitefish High School District / 14,045 |
| 188. | 10.5% | Lustre Elementary School District / 251 |
| 189. | 10.5% | Colstrip High School District / 2,520 |
| 189. | 10.5% | Colstrip Elementary School District / 2,520 |
| 191. | 10.4% | Anderson Elementary School District / 1,147 |
| 192. | 10.4% | Bonner Elementary School District / 2,588 |
| 193. | 10.4% | Park City High School District / 2,226 |
| 194. | 10.4% | Columbus Elementary School District / 3,537 |
| 195. | 10.3% | Lone Rock Elementary School District / 3,176 |
| 196. | 10.3% | St. Regis K-12 Schools / 1,256 |
| 197. | 10.3% | Blue Creek Elementary School District / 2,472 |
| 198. | 10.2% | Joliet Elementary School District / 1,844 |
| 199. | 10.1% | Shepherd Elementary School District / 3,261 |
| 199. | 10.1% | Shepherd High School District / 3,261 |
| 201. | 10.0% | Pioneer Elementary School District / 1,126 |
| 202. | 10.0% | Centerville High School District / 1,597 |
| 203. | 10.0% | Big Timber Elementary School District / 2,860 |
| 203. | 10.0% | Absarokee Elementary School District / 1,599 |
| 205. | 9.9% | Troy High School District / 3,505 |
| 205. | 9.9% | Columbus High School District / 3,742 |
| 207. | 9.9% | Custer County High School District / 11,548 |
| 208. | 9.8% | Broadus Elementary School District / 1,290 |
| 209. | 9.7% | Malta K-12 Schools / 3,380 |
| 210. | 9.7% | Creston Elementary School District / 1,205 |
| 211. | 9.7% | Park City Elementary School District / 2,431 |
| 212. | 9.6% | Roy K-12 Schools / 297 |
| 213. | 9.6% | Peerless K-12 Schools / 157 |
| 214. | 9.5% | Baker K-12 Schools / 2,360 |
| 215. | 9.5% | Olney-Bissell Elementary School District / 949 |
| 216. | 9.5% | Glendive Elementary School District / 6,406 |
| 217. | 9.4% | Montana City Elementary School District / 2,554 |
| 217. | 9.4% | Bainville K-12 Schools / 412 |
| 219. | 9.4% | Canyon Creek Elementary School District / 2,143 |
| 220. | 9.3% | Bridger K-12 Schools / 1,382 |
| 221. | 9.3% | Townsend K-12 Schools / 4,841 |
| 222. | 9.2% | Harlowton Elementary School District / 1,800 |
| 223. | 9.2% | Sweet Grass County High School District / 3,632 |
| 224. | 9.1% | Hamilton K-12 Schools / 10,976 |
| 225. | 9.0% | Pine Creek Elementary School District / 333 |
| 225. | 9.0% | Lincoln K-12 Schools / 1,038 |
| 227. | 8.9% | Troy Elementary School District / 2,786 |
| 228. | 8.9% | Potomac Elementary School District / 1,164 |
| 229. | 8.8% | Twin Bridges K-12 Schools / 1,501 |
| 230. | 8.8% | Havre High School District / 12,707 |
| 231. | 8.8% | Havre Elementary School District / 12,351 |
| 232. | 8.7% | Elder Grove Elementary School District / 2,725 |
| 233. | 8.6% | Lodge Grass Elementary School District / 1,654 |
| 234. | 8.5% | Ekalaka Elementary School District / 992 |
| 234. | 8.5% | North Star Elementary School District / 997 |
| 236. | 8.5% | Sheridan Elementary School District / 1,618 |
| 237. | 8.4% | Vida Elementary School District / 512 |
| 238. | 8.4% | Hysham K-12 Schools / 848 |
| 239. | 8.3% | Harlowton High School District / 1,908 |
| 240. | 8.3% | Bigfork High School District / 8,219 |
| 241. | 8.3% | Dawson High School District / 8,432 |
| 242. | 8.2% | Belfry K-12 Schools / 568 |
| 243. | 8.2% | Lodge Grass High School District / 2,242 |
| 244. | 8.1% | Gallatin Gateway Elementary School District / 1,579 |
| 245. | 8.1% | Alzada Elementary School District / 175 |
| 246. | 8.0% | Trego Elementary School District / 727 |
| 247. | 8.0% | Cascade Elementary School District / 1,650 |
| 248. | 8.0% | Turner Elementary School District / 361 |
| 248. | 8.0% | Turner High School District / 361 |
| 250. | 8.0% | Opheim K-12 Schools / 385 |
| 251. | 7.9% | Ennis K-12 Schools / 2,975 |
| 252. | 7.9% | Roundup Elementary School District / 3,881 |
| 253. | 7.7% | Deep Creek Elementary School District / 133 |
| 253. | 7.7% | Upper West Shore Elementary School District / 698 |
| 255. | 7.7% | Roundup High School District / 4,041 |
| 256. | 7.7% | Cascade High School District / 2,520 |
| 257. | 7.5% | Manhattan Elementary School District / 2,579 |
| 258. | 7.5% | Carter County High School District / 1,289 |
| 258. | 7.5% | Reedpoint High School District / 502 |
| 260. | 7.5% | Lindsay Elementary School District / 407 |
| 261. | 7.4% | Three Forks High School District / 2,930 |
| 262. | 7.4% | Benton Lake Elementary School District / 65 |
| 263. | 7.4% | Three Forks Elementary School District / 2,958 |
| 264. | 7.4% | Kircher Elementary School District / 696 |
| 265. | 7.3% | Saco High School District / 360 |
| 266. | 7.2% | Fairfield High School District / 1,832 |
| 267. | 7.1% | Powder River County High School District / 1,659 |
| 268. | 7.1% | Wyola Elementary School District / 588 |
| 268. | 7.1% | North Star High School District / 1,156 |
| 270. | 7.1% | Lockwood Elementary School District / 7,589 |
| 271. | 7.0% | Ulm Elementary School District / 737 |
| 272. | 6.9% | Reedpoint Elementary School District / 555 |
| 273. | 6.8% | Fair-Mont-Egan Elementary School District / 1,273 |
| 274. | 6.8% | Chinook High School District / 2,332 |
| 275. | 6.8% | Grant Elementary School District / 120 |
| 276. | 6.8% | Sheridan High School District / 1,910 |
| 277. | 6.7% | Chinook Elementary School District / 1,947 |
| 278. | 6.6% | Sidney Elementary School District / 6,474 |
| 279. | 6.6% | Melstone High School District / 307 |
| 280. | 6.5% | Saco Elementary School District / 412 |
| 281. | 6.4% | Charlo High School District / 2,230 |
| 282. | 6.4% | Lambert High School District / 440 |
| 283. | 6.3% | Fromberg K-12 Schools / 1,262 |
| 284. | 6.2% | Sidney High School District / 7,099 |
| 285. | 6.2% | Conrad Elementary School District / 3,379 |
| 286. | 6.2% | Conrad High School District / 3,514 |
| 287. | 6.1% | Lincoln County High School District / 6,260 |
| 288. | 6.0% | Absarokee High School District / 2,124 |
| 289. | 5.8% | Manhattan High School District / 4,322 |
| 290. | 5.8% | Whitehall Elementary School District / 3,161 |
| 291. | 5.7% | Huntley Project K-12 Schools / 3,646 |
| 292. | 5.5% | Trinity Elementary School District / 1,408 |
| 293. | 5.4% | Laurel Elementary School District / 11,231 |
| 293. | 5.4% | Alberton K-12 Schools / 1,167 |
| 295. | 5.4% | Westby K-12 Schools / 352 |
| 296. | 5.3% | Greycliff Elementary School District / 239 |
| 297. | 5.1% | Fairfield Elementary School District / 956 |
| 298. | 5.1% | Jordan Elementary School District / 702 |
| 299. | 5.0% | Golden Ridge Elementary School District / 178 |
| 300. | 5.0% | Clinton Elementary School District / 2,044 |
| 301. | 4.9% | Whitehall High School District / 3,638 |
| 301. | 4.9% | Laurel High School District / 10,728 |
| 303. | 4.9% | Circle High School District / 1,714 |
| 304. | 4.8% | Ryegate K-12 Schools / 334 |
| 305. | 4.7% | Bynum Elementary School District / 220 |
| 306. | 4.6% | Power Elementary School District / 520 |
| 306. | 4.6% | Power High School District / 526 |
| 308. | 4.6% | West Valley Elementary School District / 3,567 |
| 309. | 4.6% | Fishtail Elementary School District / 363 |
| 310. | 4.6% | Brorson Elementary School District / 227 |
| 310. | 4.6% | Bigfork Elementary School District / 6,349 |
| 312. | 4.5% | Eureka Elementary School District / 4,721 |
| 313. | 4.4% | Deer Creek Elementary School District / 1,591 |
| 313. | 4.4% | Richey Elementary School District / 418 |
| 313. | 4.4% | Hinsdale Elementary School District / 422 |
| 316. | 4.3% | Woodman Elementary School District / 557 |
| 317. | 4.3% | Plevna K-12 Schools / 453 |
| 318. | 4.3% | Geyser High School District / 317 |
| 319. | 4.2% | Galata Elementary School District / 252 |
| 320. | 4.1% | Melstone Elementary School District / 520 |
| 321. | 4.0% | Savage Elementary School District / 522 |
| 322. | 3.9% | Savage High School District / 520 |
| 323. | 3.8% | Cayuse Prairie Elementary School District / 2,698 |
| 324. | 3.7% | Hinsdale High School District / 474 |
| 325. | 3.7% | Denton High School District / 721 |
| 326. | 3.6% | Amsterdam Elementary School District / 1,708 |
| 327. | 3.4% | Circle Elementary School District / 1,202 |
| 328. | 3.4% | La Motte Elementary School District / 764 |
| 329. | 3.3% | Lambert Elementary School District / 435 |
| 330. | 3.1% | S H Elementary School District / 112 |
| 331. | 3.0% | Garfield County High School District / 1,224 |
| 332. | 2.8% | Trout Creek Elementary School District / 881 |
| 333. | 2.8% | Valley View Elementary School District / 361 |
| 334. | 2.8% | Fairview Elementary School District / 1,430 |
| 335. | 2.8% | Hobson K-12 Schools / 751 |
| 336. | 2.8% | Fairview High School District / 1,439 |
| 337. | 2.7% | Cottonwood Elementary School District / 215 |
| 338. | 2.6% | Wolf Creek Elementary School District / 586 |
| 339. | 2.6% | Melville Elementary School District / 198 |
| 340. | 2.5% | Chester-Joplin-Inverness Elementary School District / 2,233 |
| 341. | 2.4% | Rau Elementary School District / 294 |
| 342. | 2.4% | Chester-Joplin-Inverness High School District / 2,376 |
| 343. | 2.4% | Helmville Elementary School District / 330 |
| 343. | 2.4% | Birney Elementary School District / 117 |
| 345. | 2.3% | Charlo Elementary School District / 1,551 |
| 346. | 2.0% | Richey High School District / 501 |
| 347. | 2.0% | Geraldine Elementary School District / 595 |
| 348. | 1.9% | Dutton/Brady K-12 Schools / 1,012 |
| 349. | 1.9% | Geraldine High School District / 635 |
| 349. | 1.9% | Medicine Lake K-12 Schools / 761 |
| 351. | 1.9% | Marion Elementary School District / 994 |
| 352. | 1.9% | Noxon High School District / 2,415 |
| 353. | 1.7% | Lavina K-12 Schools / 476 |
| 354. | 1.6% | Wisdom Elementary School District / 325 |
| 355. | 1.4% | Noxon Elementary School District / 1,534 |
| 356. | 1.2% | Wise River Elementary School District / 357 |
| 357. | 1.1% | Winnett K-12 Schools / 598 |
| 358. | 0.8% | Cardwell Elementary School District / 421 |
Please note that we only rank locations with 'Service Occupations Male Percentage' data. The rank above might not be a complete list. Locations without 'Service Occupations Male Percentage' data are not listed.
*ACS stands for U.S. Census American Community Survey. According to the U.S. Census, if the date is a range, you can interpret the data as an average of the period of time.
